Nature of Warfare amp Armies Wars occurred more often lasted longer amp affected more people This era in European history is the most lethal period before 1914 New weapons and swift movements resulted in tactical sluggishness ID: 217485
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Early Modern Military Revolution" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Early Modern Military RevolutionSlide2
Nature of Warfare & Armies
Wars occurred more often, lasted longer, & affected more people.
This era in European history is the most lethal period before 1914New weapons and swift movements resulted in tactical sluggishnessSlide3
Nature of Warfare & Armies
Rise of infantry
Decline of cavalryArmies deployed in massive square formationsField battles replaced by protracted sieges of attritional warfare
Rise of the trace
itallienneSlide4
Modified Phalanx FormationSlide5
Nature of Warfare & Armies
Non-
existant standing peacetime armyNobility, mercenaries, and impromptu recruits
comprise wartime military might
Economic issues result in plunder and destruction of personal propertySlide6
Criteria for a military revolution
Technical And tactical innovations that fundamentally affect the strategy, structure, and sociopolitical aspects of the art of war, and produce a new method of warfare.
Wide-ranging consequences also occur in all facets of society as a by-product of a revolution in military affairs.Slide7
16
th
& 17th Century Military Revolution
Michael
Roberts
British Professor of History at Queen’s University of Belfast
Inaugural lecture in January 1955
Argues that RMA took place between 1560 and 1660 and Gustavus Adolphus led the revolution
Geoffrey
Parker
British historian currently teaching at THE Ohio State
Modifies and extends the conclusion made by Roberts
Argues that the RMA occurred from 1500 to 1800 and led to the rise of the WestSlide8
Military Revolution & Formation of the Modern ArmySlide9
Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange
Influences on the reforms of Maurice of Nassau
Dutch Revolt & the Duke of AlbaCountered Alba’s innovations to make command & control more effectiveSlide10
Linear FormationsSlide111590s Military Reforms of Maurice of Nassau
Reduction in numbers
Reintroduction of drill
DisciplineContribution to siege warfareProblems:
Still Attritional Warfare
Rigid formations only suitable for defensive purposesSlide12
Did Maurice produce a Military Revolution?
Never won a “Great” battle
Only produced tactical changes
Therefore, Maurice of Nassau produced innovations in tactics and not a revolution
BUT––
His innovations changed the entire conduct of warfare
Most importantly––he influenced the commander responsible for the military revolution Slide13Gustavus Adolphus & Rise of Modern Army
Tactical––combined arms & weapon integration
Strategic––Broad dual strategy focused on Annihilation of opposing armySlide14Gustavus Adolphus and the Rise of the Modern Army
Size & Composition––Increase in frequency & size/professionalization
Sociopolitical––Increase in Government’s role/conscription/training/drillSlide15Importance & Influence of RMA
Subsequent Revolutions
Medicine
ScienceEducation
Importance
Rise of Western World
Imperialism
Modern ArmySlide16
Bibliography & Further Reading
Delbrück
, Hans. The Dawn of Modern Warfare. Translated by Walter J.
Renfroe
, Jr. Volume IV of The History of the Art of War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985.
Echevarria
,
Antulio
J. and John M. Shaw. “The New Military Revolution: Post-Industrial Change.” Parameters, (December 1992): 70-79.
Eltis
, David. The Military Revolution in Sixteenth-Century Europe. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1998.
Knox,
MacGregor
and Williamson Murray. The Dynamics of Military Revolution, 1300-2050. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Millet, Allan R., Williamson
Ca
Murray
, and Kenneth H.
Watman
. “The Effectiveness of Military Organizations.” International Security, (1986): 37-71.
Murray, Williamson. Thinking About Revolutions in Military Affairs. DTIC Document, 1997.
−−
. The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States, and War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Parker, Geoffrey. “The Military Revolution, 1560-1660—a Myth?” The Journal of Modern History 48, no. 2 (1976): 196-214.
−−. The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1996.
−−
. The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare: The Triumph of the West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Rothenberg, Gunther E. “Maurice of Nassau, Gustavus Adolphus,
Raimondo
Montecuccoli
, and The ‘Military Revolution’ of the Seventeenth Century.” In Makers of Modern Strategy, from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. 32-63. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.