Body Parts Facial Markings Digestive Tract Nutrition Requirements Body Parts Poll Withers Croup Muzzle Latch Stifle Hock Cannon Hoof Coronet Fetlock Pastern FACIAL MARKINGS Star White marking between ID: 558202
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Slide1
Horse Lecture #2
Body Parts, Facial Markings, Digestive Tract, Nutrition RequirementsSlide2
Body Parts
Poll
Withers
CroupMuzzleLatchStifleHockCannonHoof
Coronet
FetlockPasternSlide3
FACIAL MARKINGSSlide4Slide5
Star
White marking between
eyes.
Comes in many shapes. Slide6Slide7
Stripe
Thin line
down
front of noseSlide8Slide9
Small white fleck
between nostrils
.
SNIPSlide10Slide11
BLAZE
Thick white line down
front of nose. Horse also
has a star.Slide12Slide13
BALD
Very wide blaze that extends to and may cover the eyes, nostrils, and upper lip.
Horses with bald faces often have white that extends to the lower lip as well.Slide14Slide15
Let's Do Some Practice !!Slide16Slide17
STARSlide18Slide19
BLAZESlide20
Face Markings
Star
Stripe
White FaceBlazeSnipInterrupted StripeSlide21
Digestive Tract
Esophagus
Stomach
Small IntestineLarge IntestineCecumLarge ColonSmall Colon RectumSlide22
Monogastric stomach
:
Digestion through
digestive juices unlike the microbial fermentation of ruminants.Esophagus (food passes from mouth to stomach)Stomach (digestive juices breakdown food)Small Intestine (starch, sugar, fats, vitamins, and 1/2 of protein absorbed)
Large Intestine (Fermentation by microbes/bacteria. Remaining protein and some minerals absorbed.)
Includes: Cecum, Large Colon, Small ColonSlide23
Horse Stomach
The stomach of a horse is smaller, compared to other species, in relation to the size of the animal.
Therefore, it is more desirable to feed horses in smaller amounts at one time but provide more frequent feedings.Slide24Slide25
Large Intestine, Horses
IMPORTANT- because the large intestine of the horse usually contains substantial quantities of ingested material, impaction occurs easily.
This impaction is the start of what horse ailment
?ColicSlide26
Horses can’t what!
Burp or vomit!
Their
cardiac sphincter (valve between esophagus and stomach) only works 1-way.Once food/air goes in….They also are obligate nose-breathers!Slide27
Large Intestine, Horses
Cecum is an important organ in horses.
The large intestine makes up approximately 60% of the total digestive tract.
Divided into cecum, large colon, small colon and rectum.Horses can use large amounts of roughage because of the presence of bacteria in the cecum and colon.These bacteria digest hemicelluloses and cellulose and ferment carbohydrates.Slide28Slide29
Horse Care
Nutrition:
Requires about 2%
of body wt dailyFeed smaller amounts than cows, more frequently10-12 gallons of fresh water per dayBalance Hays, Grains, and SupplementsDiet: 80% roughage & 20% concentratemore grain if horse is working hard, not to exceed 50% of diet grain because of increased likelihood of colic and possibly laminitis (founder).Slide30
Equine FeedsSlide31
Classes of Feeds
Roughages
Concentrates
SupplementsSlide32
Roughages
High in Fiber
Low in Energy
Pasture (2 acres per horse)Hay (most common)Forage Crops SilageSlide33
Concentrates
Low in fiber and high in energy
Grains: Oats (most popular), Barley, Corn (energy-dense)
Grain by-productsSlide34
Molasses
A popular component of mixed concentrates
Palatable
Cheap source of energyCan reduce the quantity of dust in feed 5% of the ration - recommendedSlide35
Supplements
Can help correct deficiencies in protein, minerals, and vitamins.
Increases nutritive value
3 common typesProtein (Higher energy horses need more)Vitamin (A, B, D, E)Mineral (Calcium, Phosphorous, Sodium Chloride)Slide36
Extra Material/Curriculum
STOPSlide37
LEG MARKINGSSlide38
SOCK
Small white
marking up to
and including the pastern.
Slide39Slide40
Small white
marking on the
heel, at the
back of the hoof..WHITE HEELSlide41Slide42
STOCKING
White marking finishing around the knee or hock.
Slide43Slide44
HALF STOCKING
White marking
that ends around
half-way up the
cannon bone.Slide45Slide46
CORONET BAND
Small white ring around the coronet band, above the hoof.Slide47Slide48
IRREGULAR STOCKING
Stocking that continues up the leg
Stocking that continues up the leg, but only partially.Slide49Slide50Slide51
STOCKINGSlide52Slide53
HALF-STOCKINGSlide54Slide55
SOCKSlide56
Hay
Most common form of roughage
Many variables affect hay quality
Plant SpeciesRainfallStage of plant growthHarvesting ProceduresSlide57
Alfalfa Hay
Highly Palatable (acceptability of taste)
High in Protein (18%-19%)
Good Source of Vitamins A and BHigher Priced (Bale = $7-$10)5-8 cuttings (not all are clean)
CubesSlide58
Pasture
Native is most common
Grasses, legumes, and forbs
Generally, pasture should be a mixture of 1-2 grasses with 1-2 legumes.A mature horse requires a minimum of 2 acresSlide59
Concentrates
The concentrate part of the ration contains the grains
Higher in energy
Lower in fiberMost CommonOatsBarleyCorn
Than RoughagesSlide60
Oats
Most Popular grain fed to horses
High fiber content (13%)
More bulk per nutrient contentMust eat more to satisfy nutrient contentLess likely to founder or colicCleanliness is a mustDust feeds can lead to respiratory problemsWhole or processedSlide61
Barley
Comparable to oats
Lower in fiber
Weighs more per unit volume than oatsBarley
OatsSlide62
Corn
Very
“
energy-dense”Large amounts of carbohydratesExcellent for horses that require a lot of energyWorking horsesRace HorsesLow in proteinHigh weight per unit volumeSlide63
Protein
Higher requirement for horses that are:
Growing
LactatingIn later pregnancy stagesEating poor quality roughagePerformance animals (high stress)Converted to energy by the horseSlide64
Protein
Examples of protein supplements include:
Alfalfa
LinseedSoybeanCottonseed MealSlide65
Vitamins
Horses derive no benefits from
“
extra” vitamins.Supplements for Vitamin A:Fish liver oilsLiver mealSupplements for Vitamin B:Dried brewer’s yeastDried legumesSlide66
Vitamins
Supplements for Vitamin D:
Suncured hay
Exposure to sunlightSupplements for Vitamin E (usually not necessary):Alfalfa pelletsSlide67
Minerals
Frequently needed to balance the mineral content of rations.
Most common deficient minerals are:
CalciumPhosphorusSodium chlorideSlide68
Minerals
Supplements for Calcium and Phosphorus:
Steamed Bone Meal
Dicalcium PhosphateSupplements for sodium chloride:Salt blockSlide69
Review - Supplements
Name two situations where a horse might need protein supplements.
T/F – Vitamins supplements are always a must for horses.
What is a good supplement for vitamin D?T/F – Alfalfa pellets are a good supplement for vitamin E.What is a good supplement for a sodium chloride deficiency?Slide70
Horse Care
Nutrition: will eat 1 1/2 - 3% of body wt daily
feed smaller amounts than cows, more frequently
10-12 gallons of water / dayhays, grains, supplements4 parts roughage to 1 part concentratemore grain if horse is workingSlide71
Horse Care
Reproduction: low conception rate
Mares more likely to conceive in spring
Health: colic (abdominal pain) & broken bones most seriousVaccinate annuallyWorm regularly: at least twice / year