Kingdom Monera Bacteria 1 1 Heterotrophic bacteria a breaks down organic material into useful nutrients b this is called decomposer ID: 661864
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Marine Biology Module 3" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Marine Biology
Module 3Slide2
Kingdom Monera
Bacteria
1Slide3
1. Heterotrophic bacteria
a. breaks down
organic material into
useful nutrients b. this is called decomposer
2Slide4
2. Cyanobacteria is a better name for blue-green algae
because cyanobacteria are prokaryotic
and algae is eukaryotic.
3Slide5
3.
Cyanobacgteria
are:
a. Photosynthetic
(produce oxygen for other creatures)
4Slide6
b. remove nitrogen from
the atmosphere
5Slide7
Kingdom: Protista (
unicellular algae)
These organisms are difficult to categorize. Some are plant-like and some are animal-like.
Alga
: singularAlgae : plural
6Slide8
7
A . In general
what are algae?
1. simple
, eukaryotic organisms that live in both fresh and salt water
2. usually
photosynthesize
Slide9
3. color
varies due to pigments of green, brown, or red
4.
have no leaves, stems, roots, or flowers
8Slide10
5. some
have animal characteristics such as having flagella and swim
6. size
: can be single celled to large multicellular individuals
9Slide11
B. Plant
like organisms of the Kingdom Protista are commonly called the unicellular algae.
10Slide12
C. Unicellular organisms in the kingdom Protista are called phytoplankton.
11Slide13
D. Phyto
means “plant” and plankton means “drifting”
12Slide14
E. Phytoplankton are photosynthetic organisms that drift in the water.
13Slide15
F. Most
marine phytoplankton belong to either kingdom
Monera
(cyanobacteria) or the kingdom Protista.
14Slide16
G.
Diatoms
:
Kingdom
Protista, Phylum
ChrysophytaH. Diatom means “cut-
in-two”
15Slide17
1.
extremely
plentiful phytoplankton especially in temperate waters
16Slide18
2.
It is this species that produces the most oxygen on earth
17Slide19
3.
Have
cell walls called frustules made of silicon dioxide (a glass-like material)
18Slide20
4. this cell wall is hard and glassy is made of
two
tightly fitting halves
19Slide21
5. frustules can be flat, round or football shaped
20Slide22
6. Cell walls (frustules) remain long after the organism dies
21Slide23
7. diatomaceous
earth is a collection of the hard cell walls of these organisms
22Slide24
8. diatomaceous
earth is used as a mild abrasive in toothpaste
, an
insulator against heat and cold and sound, used in filters
23Slide25
H. How
does the diatom take in nutrients and gases??
24Slide26
1.
Through
perforations or holes in the frustules which allow the transfer of gases and nutrients.
25Slide27
2.
The
frustules can have spines which increase the organisms resistance to movement within the water column.
26Slide28
3.
Diatoms
must stay at or near the surface layer to obtain the light needed from the sun.
27Slide29
4. Diatoms
provide needed food for many organisms
28Slide30
5. Diatom reproduction
is both sexual
and asexual reproduction.
29Slide31
A. Asexual
1. splitting frustules or
2. shedding frustules
and forming directly into
auxosphere
30Slide32
B. Sexual
1. sperm and egg unite
2. fertilization results
in an auxosphere
31Slide33
I.
Dinoflagellates
1. cell wall made
mainly from
cellulose
32Slide34
2. But cell wall is used as armor plating
3. Have
chlorphyll
and are
photosynthestic
33Slide35
4. some can
injest
bits
of food
5. few have a light- sensitive spot of
pigment that behaves
like an eye
34Slide36
6. Reproduce asexually
by cell division
a. Reproduce quickly
b. Overpopulation produces bloom
(bloom—dense concentration
of individuals)
35Slide37
c. In a bloom, the water
can turn red, brown,
or green
d. This is called red tide.
36Slide38
e. Some release toxic
substances in the
bloom state.
f. This kills many organisms and can
poison fish humans
eat.
37Slide39
7. bioluminescence—they can produce their own light
38Slide40
*Phytoplankton cannot swim faster than they sink but they must stay in the areas of the ocean that are accessible for photosynthesis.
What features do they have that slow down their rate of sinking in the water?
*
39Slide41
They have horns, spines that cause them to follow spiral or zigzag patterns as they travel downward
40Slide42
8. Zooplankton
a. ‘zoo’ means animal
like
b. ‘plankton’ means drift in water
41Slide43
Two major groups of zooplankton:
1.
Holoplankton
(they live their
whole
life as plankton)
42Slide44
2. Meroplankton
(they live part of their
life as plankton)
examples include starfish
and barnacle
43Slide45
Module 3 test
Know
highlighted
notes
,
terms A-K on page 75 + the five pics
on the next slide!
44Slide46
45Slide47
1. Diatom
2.
Epitheca
3.
Hypothecia
4. Nucleus5. dinoflagellates
46