U se Disorders amp The implications of Addiction Marjorie F Withers LCPC We need our brain 2 Why are we here today The High price of Substance Use Estimated cost of Substance Use is 700 Billion Dollars ID: 620946
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Substance Use Disorders &The implications of Addiction
Marjorie F Withers, LCPCSlide2
We need our brain
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Why are we here today: The High price of Substance UseEstimated cost of Substance Use is $700 Billion Dollars
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Major public
health Issue
Destructive
to the individual
Destructive to families
Major impact for
employers
In rural areas 100% of the community can be effected by SU Slide4
Understanding Substance Use Disorders and addiction
Chronic relapsing brain disease
Compulsive seeking and use
C
hanges brain functioning and structure
Derails development
Hereditary, environmental and social/environmental factors-role of trauma
Multigenerational effects
No one intends to become an addict or have a substance use disorder
If I could stop…I would stop
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Risk Factors
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Substance use and Substance dependence:Impaired control
Social Impairment
Risky Use
Pharmacological criteria (Tolerance and
withdrawl
Biological basis…genetic predisposition
Social…learned, peer pressure
Psychological…self medicating, becomes a coping mechanism
Loss of choice…craving, seeking (tolerances and
withdrawl
)Becomes the major relationship in the users life
Correlates with increased trauma
Complicates relationships
Co-morbidity
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Brain Changes7Slide8
Nation Wide Trends
8,400 new users per day
Greatest percentage of new uses are adolescents
Increase in opiate abuse and Heroin
Treatment gap is widening (21.6 million need treatment)
Less than one percent of users receive treatment
Drug use is epidemic in the United States
Alcohol remains the most frequently abused substance
Impact of alcohol across time has been underestimated
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Types of DrugsTobacco
Alcohol
Marijuana and Hashish
Opioids
Stimulants
Club drugs
Hallucinogens
Dissociative drugs
Different types of drugs have different impact on the person with different implications for the consumer
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Signs and Symptoms by Category of DrugAlcohol: (Depressant
)
Low doses: euphoria, relaxation, lowered inhibitions
Higher doses: affects behavior : increases in emotional volatility, increases violent behavior
Symptoms include: Visual distortions, slurred speech, impaired memory
Can lead to loss of consciousness and death
Health risks include: Increased risk of injuries, violence, fetal damage, depression, neurologic deficits, hypertension, liver failure, heart disease, addiction and fatal overdoses.
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CannabinoidsMarijuana and
Hashi
Smoked or swallowed
Psychologically addictive
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Signs and symptoms
Heightened perception
Increased appetite
Sense of euphoria
Time confusion
Slowed thinking
Slowed reaction time
Red eyes
Impaired balance/coordination
Cough, respiratory infections
Impaired memory & learning
Paranoia & anxiety
Increased heart rate
Depressant
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Central Nervous System DepressantsSwallowed or injected
Barbiturates (Phenobarbital, Amytal, Membutal, Seconal)
Benzodiazepines(Ativan, Librium, Valium, Zanax, Clozipine)
Methaqualone (Quaalude, Sopor, Parest)
Ecstasy (GHB Gamma-hydroxybutyrate)
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Signs and Symptoms
Slowed pulse
Slow breathing
Lowered blood pressure
Reduced anxiety
Lowered inhibitions
Impaired coordination
Fatigue/confusion
Impaired concentration
Memory impairment
Judgment impaired Respiratory depression or arrestDeath
Withdrawal must be supervised medically.
Can include: seizures, DTS
Barbiturates require
tapering
Can be dangerous.
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HallucinogensLSD
Mescaline
Psilocybin
Bath Salts
Signs and Symptoms
Altered state
Hallucinations
Flashbacks
Increased temperature, heart rate, blood pressure
Sleeplessness, tremors, paranoia
Can cause persistent mental health disorders
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Opioids and Morphine Derivatives Injected, swallowed, smoked or snorted
Codeine
Methadone
Fentanyl
Heroin
Morphine
Opium
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone Bitartrate (Vicodin)
Percocet
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Signs and SymptomsPain relief
Euphoria
Drowsiness
Nodding off
Confusion
Sedation
Staggering gait
Tolerance
Nausea
Constipation
UnconsciousnessAddictionComaDeath
Extremely addictive
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Heroin effects
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Replacement TherapyOpiate treatment
Utilizes replacement opiate that does not have the same effects as drug that was abused
Used as a means to reduce harm
Often step in weaning off drug
Keeps parent from withdrawal symptoms
Treatment of choice for pregnant mothers (safer than using street drugs or stopping use during pregnancy)
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Stimulants Smoked, swallowed, injected, snorted depending on the drug.
Amphetamine (Dexedrine, Biphetamine)
Cocaine
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Methamphetamine (Crystal, Crank, Meth, Speed)
Nicotine
Ritalin
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Signs and SymptomsIncreased heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Increased metabolism
Exhilaration
Energy
Mental alertness
Rapid Irregular heart beat
Reduced appetite
Weight loss
Malnutrition
NervousnessParanoiaInsomniaRages
Acting out
Impulsive behavior
Irritability
Panic attacks
Psychosis
Irregular heart beat
Headaches
Heart failure
Strokes
Seizures
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Specific Symptoms Methamphetamine:
Increased aggression
Violence
Memory loss
Neurological damage
Learning problems
Tolerance
Addiction
Psychotic behavior
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RememberNo one intends to become an addict
The person who is using is still our employee, our child, our partner, a friend, oneself
People can stop using: Be a support for a person stopping
Addiction requires action and intervention: Care enough to do something.
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