You will need glue and 4 colored pencils for today - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

You will need glue and 4 colored pencils for todaySlide2

Imperialism in Southeast Asia

European Powers

Invaded the “Pacific Rim”

Imperial Nation

Territories

Controlled

Great

Britain

Malaysia,

Burma, and Singapore

The Netherlands

Indonesia (“Dutch

East Indies”)

France

Indochina (Vietnam,

Laos, Cambodia)

United States

Philippines

and HawaiiSlide3

Britain and France allowed Siam (present day Thailand) to stay independent as a buffer between their possessions in S.E. AsiaSlide4

Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Why Southeast Asia?

Land (mainly islands) perfect for establishing trading and military posts

Excellent for plantation

agriculture

Rubber

TeaTimber PineapplesSpices SugarCoffee TinSlide5

Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Colonial Economies

Colonial powers did not want their colonists to develop their own industries so they focused on the exports of raw materials

Natives worked at poverty level wages on plantations owned by foreign investors. Conditions were horrible and unhealthySlide6

Imperialism in Southeast Asia

Resistance to Colonial Rule

at 1st – came from ruling classes (leaders)

Peasant revolts that were quickly put down

Early 1900s, resistance came from a new urban middle class that had been educated in Western schools, spoke western languages

In the 1930s, these resistance movements began to demand national independence. Slide7

Glue the map to the bottom of page 37Slide8

22.1 China Resists Outside Influence

In 1793, the Qing Emperor (Qianlong, above left) received an ambassador (Lord George McCartney, right) from Great Britain, but rejects the importation of goods from the British saying they were not interested in the “strange objects” offered from the West.Slide9

China rejected offers of trade from the West because it was largely self-sufficient in the ways:

Agriculture

Quick-growing strain of rice since the 11th centuryMaize, sweet potatoes, and peanuts since 17th/18th

centuries

Natural Resources

Salt, tin, silver, and iron

Manufacturing

Silks, high-quality cottons, fine porcelainChina and the WestSlide10

videoSlide11

Video – Opium WarSlide12

Foreigners were only allowed to trade at 1 port, Guangzhou.

Trade balance was in China’s favor

(China exported more than it imported)

European merchants decide to sell the habit-forming drug opium (a narcotic derived from the opium poppy plant) in China to obtain a favorable trade balance.

By 1835, as many as 12million Chinese were addicted

The Tea-Opium ConnectionSlide13

The Qing emperor was angry about the drug trade coming from the British.

In 1839 the Emperor’s advisor writes a letter to Queen Victoria demanding the drug trade stop. It doesn’t.

The Opium War breaks out between Britain and China in 1839, but is fought mainly at sea.The Chinese are no match for Britain’s steam-powered gun boats.

The Treaty of Nanjing is signed in 1842

Opened up 5 ports in China to Westerners

Britain got control of Hong Kong

Marked the beginning of Western influence in China

War Breaks OutSlide14

Extraterritorial Rights

The British enjoyed

extraterritorial rights, which meant that British citizens were not subject to Chinese laws, but, if accused of a crime in Chinese trading ports, but would only be tried by British courts.

Basically allowed the drug trade to continue.Slide15

Population grew to 430 million by 1850, a 30% increase in 60 years.

Food production did not keep up with this increase -> lots of people starved.

Discouragement increased opium addictionChinese began to rebel against the Qing DynastyGrowing Internal ProblemsSlide16

Hong Xiuquan began recruiting followers to help him build a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.”

Hong referred to himself as the “younger brother of Jesus Christ”

His movement was called the Taiping Rebellion.2 goals:Get the poor people land

Get women equal rights

Taiping RebellionSlide17

By 1850s, Hong organized a massive peasant army and took control over large areas of southeastern China.

1853 Hong captured Nanjing and made it his capital.

Qing imperial troops and British and French forces all launched attacks against the Taiping government.By 1864 the rebellion was put down, but at least 20 million people died in the rebellion.

Taiping

RebellionSlide18

Chinese government has both internal and external pressures.

Internal

Taiping Rebellion and other rebellions among the peasantsGrowing food shortagesExternalPressure from foreign imperial powers was increasing

Foreign Influence GrowsSlide19

Debates emerged in the Qing court

Some leaders wanted to reform and modernize according to Western ways.

Some clung to traditional Chinese ways Begin policy of “self-strengthening”China should adopt western technology but still keep it’s Confucian values

Efforts @ ReformSlide20

Foreign nations attack China and through treaties gain more control over China’s economy.

Many of Europe’s major powers and Japan gain

spheres of influence—areas in which the foreign nation controlled trade and investment.

Other Nations Step InSlide21
Slide22

The U.S., having no sphere of influence, declared its

Open Door Policy

demanding free trade for all nations in China.Written by John Hay, from AmericaBritain and other European nations agree to this demand.

Open Door PolicySlide23

1898, Emperor Guangxu introduced measures to modernize China’s educational system, economy, military, and government.

Qing officials saw these innovations as a threat and called on his aunt Empress Dowager

CiXi to act.

She has Guangxu arrested and reverses his reforms.

An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism

Emperor Guangxu (center)Slide24

Resentful of the privileges of foreigners, a secret organization called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists is formed.

They are called the “Boxers” for short and carry out a campaign against foreigners known as the

Boxer Rebellion.

1900—the Boxers descend on Beijing and surround the European section of the city.

The Boxers murder Europeans, missionary, and diplomats, as well as many Chinese Christians, both Protestant and Catholic.

The Boxer RebellionSlide25

August 1900—a multinational force of 19,000 troops marches on Beijing and defeats the Boxers.

Though the Boxer Rebellion failed to expel foreign influence, the Chinese have a renewed sense of nationalism and realization they must resist foreign influence.

Results of the Boxer Rebellion

A Boxer during the revolt.Slide26

videoSlide27

1905 Dowager Empress sends out a delegation to study the operation of different governments.

1906 officials recommend China’s government be restructured.

A constitutional monarchy was suggested.A national assembly was convened within a year, but change was slow.In 1908 the court promised a constitutional government by 1917.China would continue to have unrest for the next four decades.

Beginnings of ReformSlide28

Led by Sun

Yat-sen

He proposes a 3 step reform process for ChinaBy 1905, he had united all radical groups in China into what became known as the Chinese Nationalist Party

Revive China Society Slide29

In 1908, Empress

Ci

Xi died the day before Guang Xu died. “Last Emperor of China” : Henry

Pu

Yi

In 1911, followers of Sun

Yat-sen

launched an uprising that collapsed the Qing dynastyProduced no new political or social order so the military took over the government, led by General Yuan Shigai, the president of the new “Republic of China”Slide30
Slide31

Introduced modern transportation and communication in China

Created an export market (oil, copper, tea, salt, porcelain)

Brought Chinese market into the 19th century economyInfluence of Westerners in China