Packet 1 blue Buckle up kiddoes Organic Chemistry The study of carboncontaining compounds More specifically those compounds that have a carbon backbone There are well over 1 million known organic compounds ID: 1034118
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1. Organic Chemistry Overview:Packet #1 (blue)(Buckle up, kiddoes!)
2. Organic Chemistry= The study of carbon-containing compoundsMore specifically: those compounds that have a carbon backboneThere are well over 1 million known organic compounds!Good ole’ carbon:
3. Rules for Nomenclature of organic compounds? You betcha!A system for naming organic compounds has been developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC). The system is accepted and used throughout the world. Fun!
4. All natural!You’ll finally be able to understand ingredient labels! WOO!
5. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsALKANES: simplest hydrocarbonsCnH2n+2 (n=# of C atoms in the molecule)single bonds only!Suffix is –anePrefixes are determined by the # of Carbons! (see right)1C Meth- Methane 2C Eth- Ethane 3C Pro- Propane 4C But- Butane 5C Pent- Pentane 6C Hex- Hexane 7C Hept- Heptane 8C Oct- Octane 9C Non- Nonane 10C Dec- Decane
6. Got it?Name or give the formula for:C10H22OctaneC4H10
7. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsBasically: we don’t have to take up space with all those pesky hydrogens!
8. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsAlkyl groupsMost alkanes exist as “branched” molecules (not continuous straight chains)1st: identify the parent compound (longest row of carbons?)2nd: name that (normal alkane rules)3rd: any other “carbon groups” hanging off = alkyl groups (formula = CnH2n+1)4th: drop the –ane suffix... Put a –yl suffix on that bad boy!
9. Got it?Longest chain of carbons?What’s left?Parent compound = hexaneAlkyl group = ethylSo... Ethyl Hexane?
10. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsIt’s actually a tad bit more complicated...We also have to number the longest chain so that the alkyl group(s) will be on the lowest #ed carbonsWe also alphabetize the alkyl groups in the name (regardless of #)(3-methyl)(5-ethyl)Name: 5-ethyl-3-methyloctane(NOT 3-methyl-5-ethyloctane)
11. Naming Organic Compounds: the basics 1 last thing...If the SAME alkyl group shows up multiple times in the compound, we use #s and prefixes to denote that. Remember to # the parent compound carbons so that the alkyl groups have the lowest #s!
12. Cute puppies to help your brain calm down
13. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsCyclic Alkanes:Chains that connect into rings!Single bonds only (-ane ending, remember?!)Add the cyclo- prefix and the rules are pretty much the same...
14. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsCyclic Alkanes with Alkyl Groups:Some special rules (...of course!)All positions in a ring are equivalent, so you don’t need a # if there’s only 1 alkyl groupIt’s assumed that it’s attached to carbon #12+ alkyl groups mean you need to use #sThe group that comes first alphabetically is on carbon #1, then # the carbons clockwise or counterclockwise to give the other groups the lowest possible #s.Name: 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane(NOT: 1,5-dimethylcyclohexane)
15. Got it?????
16. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsAlkenesCarbon chain or ring with at least 1 double bond!General formula for straight chain: CnH2nUse the –ene suffixPretty much the same rules as w/ alkanes...
17. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsRule 1: the parent compound must contain the double bondRule 2: # the parent compound to give the carbon-carbon double bond the lowest possible # (unless there are less than 4 carbons...)Rule 3: the name should contain a # to indicate the position of the double bond!Name: 1-butene
18. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsCycloalkenes:Yep! You guessed it! These are rings w/ at least 1 double-bond in them! Good times!The carbons that have the double bond between them are always #1 and #2... Go whichever direction you need to in order to give the attached alkyl groups the lowest #s possible(!)Name: 3-methylcyclohexene
19. Got it?Name this bad boy right here!Name: 4-ethyl-5-methylcyclohexene
20. Naming Organic Compounds: the basicsAlkynesTriple-bond-havers!General formula = CnH2n-2Use the suffix –yneSame rules as alkenes with their sassy little double-bond(s)!Name: 5-methyl-2-hexyne
21. Got it?What’s this little guy’s name?Draw the structure for 3-methylcyclohexyne:??