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[ 1.1 ] The Early [ 1.1 ] The Early

[ 1.1 ] The Early - PowerPoint Presentation

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[ 1.1 ] The Early - PPT Presentation

Americas 11 The Early Americas Learning Objectives Explain how people first reached the Americas Describe early civilizations and cultures of the Americas Identify the human and physical characteristics of regions ID: 235482

north civilization early people civilization north people early cultures americans american native america americas region quiz long culture aztec

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Slide1

[ 1.1 ] The Early AmericasSlide2

[ 1.1 ] The Early Americas

Learning Objectives

Explain how people first reached the Americas.

Describe early civilizations and cultures of the Americas.

Identify the human and physical characteristics of regions.

Analyze how physical characteristics influenced population distribution and settlement patterns.Slide3

[ 1.1 ] The Early Americas

Key Terms

glaciers

settlements

surplus

civilization

city-state

causeways

quipu

terraces

culture

adobe

pueblos

Mound Builders

culture region

tribe

diffusion

pit houses

potlatch

Kachinas

clan

Iroquois League

sachemsSlide4

The First Americans

Like other early people around the world, the first Americans left no written records to tell us where they came from or when they arrived. However, scientists have found evidence to suggest that the first people reached the Americas sometime during the last ice age.Slide5

The First Americans

Populations Spread

Adapting to and Modifying EnvironmentsSlide6

The First Americans

This map depicts both the land-bridge and coastal-route theories of North American migration. Analyze Maps Why do some scientists disagree with the land-bridge migration theory?Slide7

The First Americans

Native Americans adapted their way of life to different environments. This illustration shows a group living along a lake.Slide8

Olmecs Develop a Civilization

Farming was a key advance for early societies in the Americas. In time, some farming communities in the Americas grew enough surplus, or extra, food to support large populations, and the first cities emerged.Slide9

Olmecs Develop a Civilization

The Olmecs, a tropical civilization, left behind many carvings of giant stone heads. They are generally thought to be portraits of Olmec rulers.Slide10

Mayan Civilization

The Olmecs influenced many later peoples, including the Mayas. The early Mayas lived in the rain forests of what are today Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, and southern Mexico. About 3,000 years ago, they began clearing the rain forest and draining swamps to create farmland.Slide11

Mayan Civilization

Mayan Social Classes

Achievements in Mathematics and AstronomySlide12

Mayan Civilization

Farming techniques developed in ancient times by the Mayas are still used by Maya farmers today.Slide13

Aztec Civilization

Long after the Maya cities were abandoned, a new civilization arose to the northwest. Its builders were the Aztecs. The early Aztecs were nomads, people who moved from place to place in search of food. In the 1300s, the Aztecs settled around Lake Texcoco (tays KOH koh) in central Mexico. From there, they built a powerful empire.Slide14

Aztec Civilization

Tenochtitlán

Religion

A Powerful EmpireSlide15

Aztec Civilization

Aztecs adapted to life on an island in the middle of a lake with limited land area by using chinampas for agriculture, even planting trees to better anchor them to the lake bed.Slide16

Aztec Civilization

Analyze Charts What does the organization of Aztec society tell us about the Aztecs’ values?Slide17

Aztec Civilization

This illustration shows Aztec warriors in battle. The Aztecs conquered many people as they built a powerful empire.Slide18

Inca Civilization

Far to the south of the Aztecs, the Incas built one of the largest empires in the Americas. By 1500, their empire stretched for almost 2,500 miles along the west coast of South America.Slide19

Inca Civilization

An Impressive Capital

Inca AchievementsSlide20

Inca Civilization

This ancient Inca stone wall remains standing today.Slide21

Early North American Societies

Scholars have found evidence of complex societies among some groups of people farther north. Traders and migrating people carried foods, goods, arts, and beliefs from Central America and Mexico to early peoples of North America. These peoples developed many distinct cultures in North America. A culture is the entire way of life of a people. It includes their homes, clothing, economy, arts, and government.Slide22

Early North American Societies

Land and People of the Southwest

Anasazi Houses

Mound BuildersSlide23

Early North American Societies

Analyze Maps What modern-day states correspond to the region settled by Native Americans in the Southwest?Slide24

Early North American Societies

The Anasazi made use of their environment by building dwellings along sheer cliffs as protection against intruders.Slide25

Culture and the Physical Characteristics of North America

Native Americans did not belong to just one group. Instead, Native Americans included many different people with many distinct cultures. In North America alone, there were hundreds of Native American languages spoken. Native American cultures, too, varied greatly, much like the cultures of the people of Europe.Slide26

Culture and the Physical Characteristics of North America

Hunting, Gathering, and Fishing

Farming

Trade

Adapting to and Modifying Environments

Cultures of the Arctic and Subarctic Regions

Cultures of the California, Great Basin, and Plateau Regions

Cultures of the Northwest Coastal Region

Cultures of the Southwest Region

Cultures of the Southeast Region

Cultures of the Great Plains Region

Cultures of the Eastern Woodlands RegionSlide27

Culture and the Physical Characteristics of North America

Groups of Native American tribes formed shared cultures in different geographic regions. Analyze Maps Which tribes listed on this map do you know about?Slide28

Culture and the Physical Characteristics of North America

Analyze Charts How did the foods Native Americans ate influence their way of life?Slide29

Culture and the Physical Characteristics of North America

This Inuit sculpture of a bear is carved from soapstone, a type of rock mostly made up of the mineral talc.Slide30

Religion

The many Native American groups had a wide variety of beliefs. Yet, they shared some basic ideas.Slide31

Religion

Close Ties to Nature

Special CeremoniesSlide32

Religion

Native Americans, such as the Kwakiutls, used nets to fish for salmon, an important food source.Slide33

The Iroquois League

The Iroquois (IHR uh kwoi) people of present-day New York State called themselves “The People of the Long House.” They took great pride in their sturdy dwellings, called long houses. A typical long house was about 150 feet long and 20 feet wide. Twelve or more families lived in a long house.Slide34

The Iroquois League

The Iroquois lived in wooden long houses that were built clustered together. The long houses were built of posts and poles covered with tree bark.Slide35

Quiz: The First Americans

What was the main reason that early settlers gradually spread across the Americas?

A. They were constantly under attack from neighboring tribes.

B. They often relocated to find more favorable farming conditions.

C. They traveled far and wide to trade their goods with other tribes.

D. They were nomadic hunters and had to keep moving in search of food.Slide36

Quiz: Olmecs Develop a Civilization

The first cities developed becauseA. builders learned how to make permanent dwellings out of stone.

B. the social caste system made for a more effective division of labor.

C. farmers were able to grow more food than they needed to survive.

D. the invention of the calendar made it possible to predict the seasons.Slide37

Quiz: Mayan Civilization

Which group of people had the highest power in Maya society?A. farmers

B. laborers

C. nobles

D. warriorsSlide38

Quiz: Aztec Civilization

Which represents an Aztec adaptation to their environment?A. farming in terraces

B. a system of causeways

C. a surplus of farmed crops

D. an accurate 365-day calendarSlide39

Quiz: Inca Civilization

What was the purpose of a quipu?A. to measure length

B. to indicate the season

C. to communicate quantities

D. to determine the populationSlide40

Quiz: Early North American Societies

How did the Anasazi adapt to escape threats from neighboring tribes?

A. by creating deep canals to serve as moats

B. by building sturdy stone walls

C. by building homes along steep cliffs

D. by maintaining their capital on an islandSlide41

Quiz: Culture and the Physical Characteristics of North America

Which physical feature most affected what people of a region ate?

A. the region’s patterns of settlement

B. whether a region was flat or mountainous

C. the region’s climate

D. the region’s languages and culturesSlide42

Quiz: Religion

What was a common belief among Native American tribes?A. They could survive only by adapting to nature.

B. Kachinas had the power to bring good harvests.

C. No part of a hunted animal should ever be wasted.

D. The sun god was the most powerful of all the gods.Slide43

Quiz: The Iroquois League

What role did women have in the Iroquois tribe?A. They oversaw trade.

B. They built long houses.

C. They had all of the power.

D. They chose clan leaders.