Section 1 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Middle ages AKA medieval period 500 to 1500 Invasions of Western Europe Germanic invaders took over the western half of the Roman Empire Changes ID: 692766
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Slide1
Chapter 13
European Middle AgesSlide2
Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
Middle ages
AKA medieval period
500 to 1500Slide3
Invasions of Western Europe
Germanic invaders took over the western half of the Roman Empire
Changes:
Disruption of Trade
Invasions, businesses collapse, money scarce
Downfall of Cities
Population Shifts
Government collapsed, nobles and city dwellers went to rural areasSlide4
The Decline of Learning
Germanic invaders couldn’t read or write
Church officials were literateSlide5
Loss of Common Language
German speaking people mixed with Roman people, Latin changed
Still official language, but not understoodSlide6
Germanic Kingdoms Emerge
Small Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces
Church survives Rome's fall
Provided order and securitySlide7
The Concept of Government Changes
Rome vs. German
In Rome, loyalty to government and written law unified Roman society
Family ties, personal loyalty unified German society
German chiefs had warriors pledge to themSoldiers felt no loyalty to kings they didn’t know
Personal ties made it impossible to establish orderly government for large territoriesSlide8
Clovis Rules the Franks
Franks controlled Gaul
Clovis was the leader
Brought Christianity to the region
Discuss how
Clovis’s Frankish kingdom and the Church began a strong partnership.Slide9
Germans Adopt Christianity
3 Causes of the spread of Christianity
Politics
Frankish rulers and the church converted many
Missionaries
Fear
Coastal attacks by MuslimsSlide10
Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts
To adapt to rural conditions
Monasteries built
Places where monks lived
Convents built
Nuns lived
Benedict and Scholastica wrote rules for monks and nuns
(Discuss their lives)
Monasteries became best-education communitiesSlide11
Papal Power Expands Under Gregory
590, Gregory I becomes Pope
Also called Gregory the Great
Broadened papacy; it become secular
Now not just a spiritual role but a political one tooDiscuss what he didSlide12
An Empire Evolves
After the Roman Empire, small kingdoms were all over EuropeSlide13
Charles Martel Emerges
Major Domo (m
ayor of the palace)
Most powerful person in the Frankish kingdomSlide14
Charles Martel Emerges Cont.d’
719: Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)
Extended Franks reign
Defeated Muslim raiders
Pepin the Short
Wanted to be king
Working with the pope he fought the Lombard's
Pope anointed him “king by the grace of God”
Carolingian Dynasty beginsRuled Franks from 751-987Slide15
Charlemagne Becomes Emperor
After Pepin’s death, kingdom went to his two sons
Carloman
Charles, also known as
CharlemagneCharles the GreatSlide16
Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule
Largest empire since Rome built
Brought Christianity to newly conquered areas
Reunited western Europe
Charlemagne went to Rome to defeat a group that attacked the pope
Pope Leo III crowns him emperor
Signal of Germanic power, Church and heritage of the Roman EmpireSlide17
Charlemagne Leads a Revival
How did he control his empire?
Limited authority of the nobles
Royal agents sent out to spy on the counts
Personally visited all regions of the empire
Watched the management of his huge estates
Promoted LearningSlide18
Charlemagne’s Heirs
Charlemagne, a year before his death crowned his son, Louis the Pious, emperor
When Louis died his three sons fought for control
Lothair
Charles the Bald
Louis the German
Treaty of Verdun established
Divided empire into three partsSlide19
in Europe
Section 2
Def: Political system
Nobles granted use of land that belonged to king
Nobles gave loyalty and military servicesSlide20
Invaders Attack Western Europe
Muslims
Sicily
Italy
RomeMagyarEast
Vikings
NorthSlide21
The Vikings Invade From the North
Came from Scandinavia
Also called what?
Northmen or Norsemen
Worshiped warlike gods
Took pride in nicknames, like what?
Eric Bloodaxe and Thor SkullsplitterSlide22
The Vikings Invade From the North Continued
Leif Ericson
North America
What do these two things have in common?
Fewer Vikings
Why?
Accepted Christianity
Warming trendSlide23
Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Magyars
Hungary
Didn’t settle land
What did they do?
Took captives, sold as slaves
Muslims
North Africa
In the 600’s they wanted to settleIn the 800’s what did they want to do?PlunderSlide24
Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South Cont.d’
Constant danger
Kings couldn’t protect
Local rulers looked to for securitySlide25
Feudalism Structures Society
Based on rights and obligations
Discuss how these terms are related
Lord
FiefvassalSlide26
A New Social Order: Feudalism
Rollo (Viking)
Charles the Simple (king of France) met
What was the agreement?Slide27
The Feudal PyramidSlide28
Social Classes are Well Defined
Inherited
Fighters
Prayers
WorkersSlide29
Manors: The Economic Side of FeudalismSlide30
Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism Continued
Manor…another name?
Read page 360 for job descriptionsSlide31
A Self-Contained World
This simplified depiction lays out the basic elements of a manor and its village. Location along a river was vital not only for water and waste disposal, but to run the mill wheel that drove the round millstones that ground the grain into flour. This view indicates that the peasants used three-field cropping, by which the land is divided in thirds, leaving one third unused, or fallow, each year to allow it to revitalize itself. This technique took a much lighter toll on the land and meant that it could be reused for centuries.
Why is it called this?Slide32
The Harshness of Manor Life
Taxes
Tithe
Living Conditions
Life expectanciesSlide33
The Age of Chivalry
SECTION 3
Nobles fought each other
Code of behavior beganSlide34
Knights: Warriors on HorsebackOccurred with Charles Martel
The Technology of Warfare Changes
Leather saddles and stirrupsSlide35
The Warrior’s Role in Feudal SocietyKnights rewarded with fiefs
Knight’s obligated to serve in battle
Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry
Defense of three mastersSlide36
A Knight’s TrainingPage
Squire
Knight
Travel for a year
Joined tournamentsSlide37
Brutal Reality of Warfare
Tournaments
not as bloody as real war
Look at page 366Slide38
The Literature of Chivalry
Castle life idealized
Epic Poetry
King Arthur and Charlemagne legendary heroes
The Song of Roland
one of the earliest Slide39
Love Poems and Songs
Troubadours traveled the countryside
Code of chivalry promoted a false image of knight
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Mother of Richard the Lion-hearted and JohnSlide40
Women’s Role in Feudal Society
(Powerless and seen as inferior)
Noblewomen
Could
Inherit estate from husband, but most passed down to sons
Send knights to war
Act as military commander and warrior
Defend castles
Lives limited
Peasant Women
Life unchanged
Their work was essential to the household