Was a tall blonde Jew viewed as an outsider Studied art and a variety of languages during his school years rather than science courses Instead of college he traveled Europe keeping a journal of his experiences ID: 427289
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Slide1
Background Information
Was a tall, blonde Jew viewed as an outsider.
Studied art and a variety of languages during his school years rather than science courses.
Instead of college, he traveled Europe, keeping a journal of his experiences.
Taught art subjects to children.
With help of friend, Anna Freud received a certificate from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.
In 1933 came to America and held positions at Harvard Medical School, Yale, Berkeley, and Menninger Foundation.
Believed that humans develop throughout their lifespan.
Developed eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter through out their life. Slide2
Trust vs. Mistrust
The first stage in Erikson’s theory.
Birth to 1 year
Defined as an essential trustfulness of others as well as trustworthiness in oneself. Whether or not the world can be trusted to satisfy their basic needs.
Babies feel secure when food and comfort are provided with consistency, continuity, and sameness of experience.
If they develop trust, the child will confidently explore the social world.Slide3
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Occurs between ages 2 & 3.
Children become self-sufficient in many activities OR doubt their own abilities.
Examples: Potty training, walking, feeding & talking.
Parents need to allow an environment that enables the child to have self control without a loss of self-esteem. Slide4
Initiative vs. Guilt
Occurs between the ages of 4-5.
Children want to undertake many adult like activities or accept the limits and prohibitions set by care givers.
They feel either adventurous or guilty.
Encouragement from parents is extremely important during this stage.
Examples: Saying something new, extending or learning a skill, or beginning a project. Slide5
Industry vs. Inferiority
Occurs between 6 years old and puberty.
Children learn to be competent and productive in mastering new skills or feel inferior, unable to do anything as well they wish they could.
Major Event: Child enters school and is exposed to many new skills that their culture values.
Time of devoted attention and perseverance in learning. Slide6
Identity vs. Role Confusion
13 – 19 years old
Who am I?
Easier to identify if earlier issues are conquered.
May last into 20’s
Genius’ find it harder to Identify
Industrial society harder to identify for all.
Sexual Identity
Social Identity
Religious Identity
Boundaries pushedSlide7
Intimacy vs. Isolation
19 – 40 year old
Conflict centers on making intimate loving relationships
Stages dependent on the others
Productivity and societal contribution
Previous
stages determine which productivity pathSlide8
Generativity vs. S
tagnation
Middle Adulthood: 35-55 (or 65)
Ego Development Outcome:
Generativity
vs. Self Absorption or Stagnation
Basic strengths: Production and Care
This is the “be in charge” stage. Work and family are the most crucial things in a person’s life at this time.
Significant task is to perpetuate culture and transmit values of culture through family, and also work to establish a stable environment. Strength comes through care of others and production of something that contributes to the betterment of society (which Erikson calls
generativity
).
Major life changes may occur at this stage, such as kids moving away from home or mid-life crisis. If one does not get through this stage successfully, he can become self absorbed and stagnant. Slide9
Integrity vs.
Despair
Late Adulthood: 55-65 to death
Ego Development Outcome: Integrity vs. Despair
Basic Strengths: Wisdom
Erikson believed that much of life is preparing for the middle adulthood stage, and the last stage is recovering from it. A person will have a sense of integrity if he looks back upon his life with happiness and contentment, feeling fulfilled with a deep sense that life has meaning and they have made a contribution to it.
On the other hand, despair occurs when a person reaches this stage and feels depressed about their experiences and perceived failures. They may fear death as they struggle to find some purpose in their lives.
There is also the possibility that a person may feel that he has all the answers in life and end with a strong dogmatism that only their view has been correct. Erikson also categorized this as despair.