Deepak M Kirpalani and Nishi Bhatt August 2012 Energy Mining and Environment Portfolio NRC Canada Presented at the 8th International Symposium on Cavitation CAV2012 Cavitation Studies at ID: 235632
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Slide1
Cavitation Technology Development for Oil Sands Processing
Deepak M. Kirpalani and Nishi Bhatt
August 2012
Energy Mining and Environment Portfolio –NRC Canada
Presented at the 8th International Symposium on Cavitation - CAV2012 Slide2
Cavitation Studies at NRCC
High Speed Imaging of Cavitation Bubbles
Laser
Interferometry
of Acoustic Cavitation
Phase Field Modeling of Cavity Under ShearSlide3
Oil sands are unconventional heavy oil deposits composed of water 4-6%, sand, clay and bitumen (12%) and other minerals. Mineral matter -80-85%Extraction technology:Mined Oil sands
Crushed &Screened mixed with hot water in cyclofeeder
to 50-55 deg. C Pumped (hydrotransported) separation vessels where bitumen froth (60% bitumen, 30% water, 10% fines) floats on the surface.
Processing Issues: pumping costs and sand erosionTailings Requirements:Energy Resource Control Board of Alberta, Canada Directive ‑ 074 requires that the oil sands industry minimize and eventually eliminate long-term storage of fluid tailings in the reclamation landscape.
Commercial Thickeners are currently used.Slide4
Acoustic Cavitation for Bitumen ExtractionEarly stage research (Sadeghi, 1990) showed that acoustic cavitation at 40KHz. can be applied for extracting bitumen from oil sands.
The reaction rate was further enhanced by the addition of H202
.Benefits:Eliminates the need for surfactants or alkaline chemical agents during extraction
Circumvents hot water and steam useSlide5
Cavitation Benefits to Oil Sands Processing
Homogenization of Liquids
Breakage of solid particles
Radicalization of Molecules
Local temp change and availability of free radicals
Emulsion preparation
Acceleration of chemical conversion
Suspension Preparation
Depolymerization
,
Lyzing
, ReactionSlide6
Research Focus1. Determine viscosity changes on model rheological fluids by applying acoustic cavitation methods using a broad spectrum transducer
2. Perform Cavitation Yield Measurements to determine the effect of change in Acoustic Frequency and Power on C
hemical Conversion using a single broad spectrum transducer. Slide7
Experimental Setup for Acoustic Cavitation
Ultrasonic waves were generated at 378, 574, 850, and 1125 kHz using a broad spectrum transducer
for a solution volume of 200 ml held within a jacketed glass water cooled column.
Laboratory experiments were performed (1) to determine viscosity changes with a CMC-Water 0.7 wt % mixture at 1000 cP
at 2.5 RPM and (2) Cavitation yield determination with 0.1 and 1% (wt) KI solution.Slide8
Visualization of 850 KHz. SonicationSonication at high frequencies (850Khz. and above),
leads to the formation of a fountain jet at the surface of the liquid, releasing droplets from the surface of the jet.
Sonication Frequency
Jet Diameter
Jet Height
850KHz.
3 cm.
3 cm.
1.125
MHz.
1.5 cm.
4 cm.Slide9
Results –Change in Viscosity as a function of Sonication Time
Change in viscosity for 0.7 wt% CMC-water mixture over a range of
sonication frequenciesSlide10
Results - Cavitation Yield Measurements
Cavitation yield
over a range of sonication frequencies using
(a) 0.1
wt
%
KI solution and (b) 1% KI solution at constant power input
(a)
(b)
Cavitation Yield as a Function of Sonication TimeSlide11
Results – Cavitation Yield Measurements
Cavitation Yield increases at higher power input. Sonication time influences the
KI decomposition.
Cavitation Yield as a Function of Input PowerSlide12
Summary of FindingsLower
sonication frequencies during acoustic cavitation generate larger rheological changes.
Viscosity
reduces rapidly with sonication time
at lower acoustic frequencies as compared to higher frequencies.
Cavitation yield measurements do not follow the same trend
.
KI decomposition was
determined to be the highest at a sonication time of 25 minutes at a frequency of 574 kHz. Slide13
ConclusionRheological changes and KI decomposition were examined and found to be uncorrelated using
a broad spectrum acoustic system in the present study.The application of
acoustic cavitation to model fluids is to be further extended to oil sands feed and tailings to
develop the criteria for extraction and/or transportation of oil sands at the laboratory scale up for commercial processing.Slide14
Acknowledgements:This Research is Funded by Eco-EII Canada Research Fund