Where Does Sound Come From A vibration creates a wave Travels through liquids solids and gases Frequency Pitch Bass to treble Amplitude Loudness Volume Outer Ear PinnaOuter Ear Funnels sound waves into the ear canal ID: 774652
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Slide1
Hearing, Ears, and Audiology
Slide2Where Does Sound Come From?
A vibration creates a waveTravels through liquids, solids, and gasesFrequency = PitchBass to treble Amplitude = Loudness/ Volume
Slide3Outer Ear
Pinna/Outer Ear
Funnels sound waves into the ear canal
External Ear Canal
Leads from pinna to eardrum
Produces ear wax to keep the ear clean
Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
Thin piece of skin
Vibrates when sound reaches it, like a drum
Slide4POLL #1
What is the safest way to keep your ears clean?
Cotton swab
Bleach
Ear candle
Soap and water
Slide5What’s in My Ear?
Healthy Eardrum
Fungal Spores
Earwax
Tubes
F
or
E
ar
Infections
Herb
Slide6Middle Ear
Ossicles - the smallest bones in the body
Malleus
Transmits sound from eardrum to incus
Incus
Transmits sound from malleus to stapes
Stapes
Transmits sound from incus to inner ear
Eustachian Tube
Connects middle ear to the back of the throat to equalize pressure
When ears “pop,”
it’s
the eustachian tube opening
Slide7What Can You Learn from an Eardrum?
H
ealthy Eardrum
Fluid
B
ehind
the Eardrum, May Be Infection
Hole in the Eardrum
Other
E
ar Disease
Slide8Poll #2
Which of the following is
not
the name of a bone found in the middle ear?
Malleus
Incus
Screwdriver
Stapes
Slide9Inner Ear
Cochlea: Organ of Hearing
Snail-shaped and lined with tiny hair cells that pick up sounds
Hair cells in different parts respond to different
pitches
More hair cells respond to sounds that are
louder
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Sends coded signals to the brain based on auditory or balance inputs
Vestibular System
More on that later
Slide10The Cochlea
Slide11Poll #3
Raise your hand for everything that is linked to damaged hair cells
Smoking
Listening to loud music every day
Flying in an airplane
A single firework explosion
Eating a low-carb diet
Medications
Fewer than 30 minutes of exercise today
Ear piercing
Sun exposure
Head injury
Measles
Slide12Central Auditory System
Auditory Nerve
Transmits sound to the brain
Brainstem
Breaks sound into pitch, loudness, and timing
Temporal Lobe/Auditory Cortex
Processes parts and pieces of sound
Assigns meaning to sounds
Slide13Poll #4
Music and speech are processed in the same part of the brain.
True or False?
Slide14Slide15Balance System in the Inner Ear
Semicircular Canals
Fluid filled tubes that detect head movement
Three tubes detect 3-D movement
Otolith Organs
Filled with crystals
Detect gravity, tilt, and forward/backward motion
Slide16Poll #5
Which of the following is not a part of the balance system?
The nose
The brain
The ears
The eyes
Slide17Audiology and Audiologists
Slide18What is An Audiologist?
Audiologists are doctoral-level health-care professionals who evaluate, diagnose, treat, and manage hearing loss,
tinnitus, and balance disorders across all ages.
Slide19Where Does an Audiologist Work?
Audiologists Are Everywhere!!
Hospitals
Schools
Private Practices
Military and Government Agencies
Colleges and Universities
Ear, Nose, and Throat Physician Offices
Hearing Health-Care Manufacturing Companies
Slide20Poll #6
Which of the following is true about hearing loss?
Hearing loss only affects people who are age 64+
2 or 3 in every 1000 children is born with hearing loss
Most cases of permanent hearing loss are caused by ear infection
Hearing loss always begins suddenly
Slide21Who Does an Audiologist Work With?
Audiologists Work With Everyone!
Infants
Children
Young adults
Mature Adults
Slide22What Kind of Schooling Does an Audiologist Need?
High School DiplomaBachelor’s DegreeGraduate DegreeClinical Doctorate~90 credit hoursThesis and/or comprehensive examsClinic hours completed under observation4th year full-time externship
Slide23What Does an Audiologist Do?
Treat hearing loss caused byAgingNoise exposureIllness or infectionOtotoxic medicationsGenetic disorders Unknown reasonsPrescribe & manage hearing technologyHearing aidsCochlear implantsBone Anchored amplification
Evaluate balance disordersDizzinessVertigoImbalanceRemove earwax or foreign bodiesUsing extraction tools, suction, and waterCounsel
Slide24Poll #7
Which of the following has never been used in hearing health care?
A
B
D
C
Slide25What is the Job Market Outlook for an Audiologist?
Positive employment outlook
Estimated 21% growth in the next 7 yearsFaster than average careerAverage salary: $75,920 a year$36.50 an hourTop 10% earned more than $117,910 per year
https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/audiologists.htm
Slide26How Do I Protect My Ears and Hearing?
http://turnittotheleft.org/TITTL_section2.mp3
Slide27Activity Time!
Slide28Activity Time!
What are other loud things aren’t listed here?
Balloon pop
Slide29Why Do I Care if It’s Too Loud?
Noise Exposure Over Time May Lead To:
Increased risk of hearing loss, which may:
Interrupt communication
Lead to social isolation
Lead to depression
Be permanent
Be treated with hearing aids or surgery
Increased risk of tinnitus, which may:
Interfere with concentration
Interfere with sleep
Be annoying
Be permanent
Slide30https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/shareable-images-and-downloads?f%5B0%5D=field_language_vocabulary%3A246
Slide31Activity Time: How to Put in Earplugs Properly!
https://www.noisyplanet.nidcd.nih.gov/shareable-images-and-downloads?f%5B0%5D=field_language_vocabulary%3A246
Slide32Activity Time: NIOSH Sound Level Meter
Turn to the person next to you and start chatting. How loud is the room?Shout to your favorite person across the room. How loud is the room?Make a lot of noise by pulling out your books, backpacks, chairs, etc. How loud is the room?Special bonus: measure your gym, cafeteria, and other areas of your school!
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/niosh-sound-level-meter/id1096545820
Slide33Do You Have a Job?
Hearing loss is the most common work-related illness in the USAThe NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit for occupational noise exposure is 85 decibels, over an 8-hour period. What are some loud things at your workplace?What are some chemicals that may be harmful to your hearing?
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/default.html
Balloon pop
Slide34Occupation Safety & Health Administration (OSHA): 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure
Employers
Required to provide hearing protection in excess noiseEmployees required to wear hearing protectionProvide hearing conservation and monitoring programs if warranted
https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95
Slide35Extra Audiology Fun!
Dangerous Decibels Virtual Exhibit
Noisy Planet: All About Noise Crossword Puzzle
Noisy Planet: Musicians and Hearing Loss
Noisy Planet: Protect Your Hearing Infographic
Noisy Planet: Sounds and Their Effect on Hearing
Noisy Planet: Test Your Noise Knowledge
Noisy Planet: Tips to Protect Your Hearing
Slide36