Information and Uses Unit 2 Mission to Mars Connection Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in our universe Hydrogen does not exist by itself in nature Hydrogen exists as parts of compounds ID: 595474
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Slide1
Hydrogen and Oxygen
Information and Uses
Unit 2 - Mission to Mars ConnectionSlide2
Hydrogen is the lightest
and
most abundant element in our universe.Slide3
Hydrogen does not exist by itself
in nature
Hydrogen exists as parts of compounds
Hydrogen is part of many compounds such as the compounds that make up:
Fossil fuels(oil, coal, natural gas)
plants
waterSlide4
Uses for hydrogen
Thermonuclear energy ( Sun)
A lifting agent (
Hindenberg
blimp)
Fuel
Cars
Rocket fuelSlide5
Oxygen
Oxygen is a tasteless gas.
It has no smell or color.
It is the 3
rd
most abundant element in the universe
It comprises 22% of the air we breathe
This element is found in the human body, the Sun, oceans and the atmosphere.
Without oxygen, humans will not be able to survive. Slide6
Uses for Oxygen
Of all the uses of oxygen, sustaining life is the most important.
Oxygen is needed by all living organisms.
Through a process known as aerobic respiration, energy from food is generated.
This allows humans and animals to perform their daily activities.Slide7
Water (H2
O)
Water is the most abundant compound on Earth
It is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom that are chemically bonded together
The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2:1 which means there is twice as much hydrogen as oxygenSlide8
A water molecule is made up of one oxygen atom sharing electrons with two hydrogen atoms. Slide9
Water
A
water molecule is formed by two elements: two positive Hydrogen ions and one negative Oxygen ion
.
The water molecule is held together by the electromagnetic attraction between these ions
.Slide10
Water exists
as
a compound so it can not be
sepa
rated by physical means
Hydrogen
and oxygen c
an be separated from water by electrolysisSlide11
Electrolysis
Electrolysis is a method of using a
direct
electric current
(DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Slide12
Electrolysis
When electricity is introduced to water through two electrodes, a cathode (negative) and an anode (positive), these ions are attracted to the opposite charged electrode.
The positively charged hydrogen ions will collect on the cathode and the negatively charged oxygen
will collect on the anode. Slide13
Electrolysis
When these ions come into contact with their respective electrodes they either gain or lose electrons depending
on
their
ionic charge.
In this case the hydrogen gains electrons and the oxygen loses them
In doing so these ions balance their charges, and become real, electrically balanced, bona fide atoms (or in the case of the hydrogen, H
2
, a molecule).Slide14
Electrolytes
Pure water itself is not a good conductor of electricity, so in our experiment baking soda will be added to make the solution an electrolyte.
An electrolyte is a part of a solution that can be broken up by electrolysis.
Electro
refers to energy and electricity and -
lysis
refers to splitting apart. Slide15
Diagram of Electrolysis Set up