Milwaukee 3D Meet Up Coex3D 1122013 Topics Filament Manufacturing Upstream Extrusion Down Stream Polymer Science 101 Monomers Morphology Melt Behavior Filaments Discussion Filament Manufacturing ID: 283332
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Slide1
Material Science of 3D Printing Filaments
Milwaukee 3D Meet Up
Coex3D
11-2-2013
Slide2
TopicsFilament ManufacturingUpstreamExtrusionDown Stream
Polymer Science 101
Monomers
MorphologyMelt BehaviorFilamentsDiscussionSlide3
Filament ManufacturingSlide4
Resin DryingCritical steps in resin processingHydrophilic resins needs to be dried to make 3D filamentPLA, PET, PC, PA, PVOH are highly HydrophilicABS slightly Hydrophilic
Filament Manufacturing
Up-Stream ProcessingSlide5
Resin DryingFilament Manufacturing
Up-Stream ProcessingSlide6
Color Feeders Color concentratesAdditivesThroat MixersMagnetFilament Manufacturing
Up-Stream ProcessingSlide7
Filament ManufacturingReal Extruders
Extruder Elements
Zone Heated Barrel
ScrewScreen Pack
Breaker PlateSlide8
Filament ManufacturingReal Extruders
Process
Conditions on Extruders
Melt Temperature
Melt Pressure RPMs
Motor LoadSlide9
Filament ManufacturingReal Extruders
Extruder Screws
Feeding
MeltingCompressionMixingMaterial SpecificSlide10
Filament ManufacturingWater QuenchWater BathFilaments are often water quenchedMolten phase to solid phase
Methods are often
t
rade secret10-30 feet water cooling Slide11
Filament ManufacturingFilament OrientationSlide12
Filament ManufacturingLaser MicrometerSlide13
Filament ManufacturingSpoolingSlide14
Filament ManufacturingPackagingSlide15
Polymer Science for 3D PrintersSlide16
Polymer Science 101 for 3D PrintersPlastic vs. PolymerPlastic Plastics are polymers which, under appropriate conditions of temperature and pressure, can be molded or
shaped.
Polymer
A large molecule formed by the chemical union of five or more identical combining units called monomers
Slide17
Polymers Science 101MonomersNumber of monomers (Molecular Weight) influences viscosity and strength properties (wax 30-350 RU, PP 7,000 – 24,000 RU)Types and location of the monomer influence polymer chemical and mechanical propertiesSlide18
Polymers Science 101MorphologySlide19
Polymers Science 101Melt Behavior - ViscosityViscosityMelt Index Test (MI or MFR) Mass/Time @ Temp & Weight3D Printing Filaments are typically injection molding resin grades10+g/10 min @ 220°C 10kg
Lower MI or MFR would require more force on filament advance
Intrinsic viscosity (IV) is used to measure viscosity for polymers like PETSlide20
Polymers Science 101Melt Behavior – Melting TempsThermal TransitionsGlass Transition – Amorphous materials flow, they do not meltMelting Point – The temp at which a crystalline
structure
transitions to
a liquid Amorphous structure Slide21
3D Printing FilamentsSlide22
Polymer Science 101Polylactide (PLA) - General
Polylactide (PLA)
Biopolymer - derived from corn
Relatively clean resin
Condensation reaction
Translucent
Translucent BlueSlide23
Polymer Science 101Polylactide
Polylactide (PLA)
Morphology
Semi-crystalline polymers
Filament production method and colorants will change crystalinity levels
Resin has a Tg 55-60°C & Tm of 145-160°C
Different processing temps on printer (≈220°C)
Melt
Behavior
MFR: 6 g/10 min (210°C & 2.16 Kg)
Monomer
Latic Acid
Density: 1.24 g/cc Slide24
Polymer Science 101ABS
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
Derived from 3 monomers
Monomers % - Properties
Not a clean resin to extrude
Opaque Slide25
Polymer Science 101ABS
Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene (ABS)
Morphology
Amorphous
Grade dependent Tg
100°C - 130°C
Melt
Behavior
MFR: 1.1 g/10 min (200° C & 5 Kg)
MFR:
1
3
g/10 min (
220°
C &
10
Kg
)
Monomer
Acrylonitrile, Styrene & Butadiene
Density:
1.03
g/cc Slide26
Polymer Science 101PVOH
PVOH
Water soluble polymer
Commonly used in 3D Printing for structural elements that are dissolved after print is complete
Narrow gap between PVOH melting temp and thermal degradation – run as cool as possible
Keep Dry when not in useSlide27
Polymer Science 101CX-Glass & CoPET
CX-Glass
(Developmental)
Glass like polymer
Extremely clean polymer
Morphology
Amorphous
Melt
Behavior
MFR
:
1
3
g/10 min (
220°
C &
10
Kg
)
Clear
Heated bed required
CoPET (Developmental)
Copolyester polymer
Clean polymer
Morphology
Amorphous
Melt
Behavior
MFR
:
10
g/10 min (
220°
C &
10
Kg
)
ClearSlide28
Polymer Science 101CX-Glass & CoPETSlide29
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Sales@CoexLLC.com
Or
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