SOCIAL JUSTICE, CST AND CHILD POVERTY - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

SOCIAL JUSTICE, CST AND CHILD POVERTYSlide2

CST – SELECTED KEY PRINCIPLES

HUMAN DIGNITY

RESPECT FOR HUMAN LIE

HUMAN EQUALITY

PREFERENTIAL PROTECTION FOR THE POOR AND VULNERABLE

PARTICIPATION

SOLIDARITY

UNIVERSAL DESTINATION OF GOODS

(SOURCE: CARITAS)Slide3

WHY FOCUS ON CHILDREN ?

CST PRINCIPLES

SPECIAL AND PARTICULAR PLACE OF CHILDREN

CHOICE

OPPORTUNITY

RESPONSIBILITY – SHARED AND INDIVIDUAL

NOW AND THE FUTURESlide4
Slide5

CHANGES IN INCOME BY DECILE 1988-2004 (PERRY 2013)Slide6

CHILD POVERTY : A WORKING DEFINITION - RELATIVE

CHILD POVERTY OCCURS WHEN, BECAUSE OF THEIR PARENT/S’ (OR CARER/S’)

FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES

, CHILDREN ARE DENIED THE

OPPORTUNITIES

AND ARE UNABLE TO

PARTICIPATE

IN THE ACTIVITIES REGARDED AS

NORMAL

FOR

CHILDREN IN

CONTEMPORARY

SOCIETY

CHILDREN LIVING IN POVERTY ARE THOSE WHO EXPERIENCE

DEPRIVATION

OF THE MATERIAL RESOURCES AND

INCOME

THAT IS REQUIRED FOR THEM TO DEVELOP AND THRIVE, LEAVING SUCH CHILDREN UNABLE TO ENJOY THEIR

RIGHTS

, ACHIEVE THEIR FULL POTENTIAL AND

PARTICIPATE

AS FULL AND EQUAL MEMBERS OF NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY (EAG, 2012)Slide7

MEASURING CHILD POVERTY – TWO APPROACHES

INCOME : BELOW 60% MEDIAN, ADJUSTED FOR HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSING COSTS

LIVING STANDARDS (ACROSS THE POPULATION) – OWNERSHIP, PARTICIPATION, ECONOMISING, SELF ASSESSMENT

HARDSHIP SCALE : SEVERE HARDSHIP

 VERY GOODSlide8

Numbers of poor children in New Zealand

(

ie

the number of children in households with incomes below the selected thresholds)

BHC

AHC

HES year

BHC ‘moving line’ 60%

AHC ‘moving line’ 50%

AHC ‘moving line’ 60%

AHC ‘fixed line’ 60% (07 ref)

2001

250,000

215,000

310,000

380,000

2004

270,000

200,000

290,000

320,000

2007

210,000

170,000

240,000

240,000

2009

210,000

190,000

270,000

230,000

2010

215,000

170,000

270,000

230,000

2011

200,000

170,000

270,000

230,000

2012

195,000

175,000

265,000

215,000Slide9

Poverty risk for different household groups (PERRY, 2013)Slide10

Deprivation rates for children relative to overall population deprivation rate

EU-25

-

MT + NO + IS +NZ (EU 2007, NZ 2008

)Slide11

Living Standards and Presence of Children (2008)Slide12

BENEFITS AND EARNINGSSlide13

WHICH CHILDREN

BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLDS

ETHNICITY – PAKEHA HIGHEST NUMBER, BUT MAORI, PASIFIKA OVER-REPRESENTED

33% MAORI PERSISTENT POVERTY COMPARED WITH 15% OF OTHER CHILDREN

2007-11, ON AVERAGE 1/3 MAORI CHILDREN, ¼ PASIFIKA, 1/6 PAKEHA INPOVERTY

CHILDREN IN LARGER FAMILIES : 28% 3 OR MORE CHILDREN HOUSEHOLDS, 18% LESS THAN 3

2/5 CHILDREN IN POVERTY IN HOUSEHOLDS IN FULL TIME EMPLOYMENTSlide14

% with 4+

Dependent children (0-17

yrs

)

23

Ethnicity

European

15

Maori

39

Pacific

51

Other

23

Income source

Benefit

59

Market

15

Hardship rates by ethnicity and family income source:

children (aged 0-17 years), LSS 2008Slide15

EFFECTS - EAG

1.4 TIMES HIGHER RISK OF DYING DURING CHILDHOOD

MORE LIKELY TO DIE OF SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH IN INFANCY

THREE TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE SICK

OVER TWO TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL FOR ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASES

AT LEAST 1.5 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE HOSPITALISED

LESS LIKELY TO HAVE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

MORE LIKELY TO SKIP BREAKFAST AND TO CONSUME FAST FOOD REGULARLY

HOSPITALISED AT A 5.6 TIMES HIGHER RATE FOR INJURIES FROM ASSAULT, NEGLECT OR MALTREATMENT

LESS LIKELY TO PARTICIPATE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

LESS LIKELY TO LEAVE SCHOOL WITH NCEA LEVEL 2 – THE ENTRY LEVEL QUALIFICATION TO SKILLED EMPLOYMENTSlide16

OTHER EFFECTS

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION

RECREATION

HOUSING TRANSIENCE

DAMP AND OVER-CROWDED HOUSING

FAMILY PRESSURESSlide17

POLICY RESPONSES - CHOICES WE MAKE

HOUSING COSTS – ACCOMMODATION SUPPLEMENT CHANGES IN 2004 REDUCED POVERTY FOR BENEFIT HOUSEHOLDS

WORKING FOR FAMILIES – DISCRIMINATION

TAXATION

WAGES AND INCOMES