PPT-Volcanism

Ryan Clark The Death of an Active Volcano Topic I simulated an active volcano becoming dormant over a period of time following the complete expulsion of all magma Methods I used PDEs for heat distribution several unique boundary conditions and . Yellowstone Park is not only spectacular but also unique. It is the result of three volcanic eruptions, the likes of which have never been seen in all of recorded history. The first eruption occurred 2 million years, followed by two more eruptions 1 million years and 600,000 years ago. Below Yellowstone Park there is a hot spot that is generating basaltic magma. At the time of each of their three eruptions, the magma chamber began to produce large volumes of basaltic magma. Because of its low viscosity, the basaltic magma quickly rose to the bottom of the granitic continental crust. However, because the density of basaltic magma (density about 3) is slightly higher than that of granite (density about 2.9) it could not force its way through the granite to the surface. Instead, it began to pool beneath the granitic crust. The amount of heat trapped within the molten basaltic magma was enough to melt the minerals making up the overlaying and surrounding granite, forming a growing mass of granitic magma. Granitic magma is highly viscous and extremely gas-charged. Although it rose only very slowly, the granitic magma advanced upwards by melting even more of its own overlying granitic rock. At some point, radial fractures began to form around the rising mass of granitic magma. These fractures allowed steam eruptions to vent gas. Shortly after, with the overlying granitic rock severely weakened by the fractures, the highly gas-charged granitic magma erupted. The land to a distance of 200 miles in all directions was decimated. Pyroclastic flows, the most destructive eruptive features known, swept across the countryside. Ash fell across the country from the eruption site to the Atlantic Ocean. Ash polluted the world’s atmosphere, blocked the energy of the Sun, and plunged the Northern Hemisphere into a frozen wasteland for years. Can such an eruption occur in the Yellowstone region again? All the evidence suggests that the magma chamber below Yellowstone Park is current rising. According to the director of the Yellowstone Volcanic Observatory, it is not a question of whether or not another super-eruption CAN happen; it’s a question of WHEN it will happen!. Cycle 18: Volcanism & earthquakes. Cycle 19: Plate Tectonics. Cycle 20: Weathering & Erosion. Connection to last unit…. To deeply understand the processes that create rocks and minerals such as volcanism, weathering, . (LVZ) at the top of the . subducting. plate has been detected in a majority of . subduction. zones.. LVZ may be a . hydrated layer of oceanic crust . caused by dehydration reactions as the plate . 1) Mid-ocean ridges-1-2 km thick5) Hypabassal Complexes-water saturated seds, magma-pepperites –found adjacent Composition-&#x 55%;&#x SiO; is;&#x hot;&#x, re;&#xlati;&#xvely;Composition 5 1 1. Sediments and volcanism are the most important agents of physical change on the deep-ocean floor2.Study o sediments is important to ocean Questions.. What is . volcanism (volcanic activity)?. Where does volcanic activity occur?. Some interesting or important volcanoes.. Volcanic activity could be described as any place where material from within the Earth reaches the surface.. . Christian Garvey, James King and Charlie Mason. . (Simon Crosbie, Andrew Knott, George Lodwick, Ben Taylor, Jonathon Taylor) . Time history of volcanism . The Azores was onset with a flood basalt eruption, creating a 600Km wide plateau. . Cryo. -volcanism. Earth’s Interior. Volcano Structure. Earth’s Tectonic Plates. Hawaii and Olympus Mons. Hawaiian Islands. Olympus Mons. Volcanism on Mars. Volcanism on Io. Plate or Plume?. Emily . Hadrill. , Marissa Lo, Libby . Passey. , Ally Sweeney, Ellie White. Introduction. Precursors and Onset of Activity. There is uplift in the region of the . Islands. (A.B. Watts, 1996) (A. . Do Now: How many natural disasters can you name. ?. HW: Article . due Wednesday. Volcanoes are responsible for:. producing . most of the water . on . Earth. .. modifying . the . Earth’s atmosphere.. on rocky and icy planets. Edwin Kite. University of Chicago. Testability. requires linking processes of interest (mineralogical, metabolic, …) to . atmospheric properties . that we can . measure. ; . The Cenozoic Era. Spans the . 65.5 Ma, from the end of the Mesozoic to today.. . There is not agreement in the Earth science community about whether the Cenozoic should be sub-divided into Tertiary and Quaternary or into . Rebecca J. Thomas*, Dave A. Rothery, Susan J. Conway, Mahesh . Anand. The Open University, U.K.. European Planetary Science Congress 2015. 2. NASA/JHUAPL/CIW, NASA/Caltech. Explosive volcanism & impact structures. subducting. plate has been detected in a majority of . subduction. zones.. LVZ may be a . hydrated layer of oceanic crust . caused by dehydration reactions as the plate . subducts. .. LVZ has interesting consequences for imaging the .