Starter task Write as many words phrases pictures as you can when you hear the word RUSSIA BACKGROUND In 1881 Russia covered one sixth of the worlds surface 120000000 population ID: 749476
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Slide1
3. Autocracy and revolt in Russia, 1881-1914Slide2
Starter task
Write as many words, phrases, pictures as you can when you hear the word….
RUSSIASlide3
BACKGROUND
In
1881
Russia covered one sixth of the world’s
surface
120,000,000
population
Due to large size it was difficult for a leader to
control
Weak transport and communication
networks
Mostly poor peasants who worked on the land to
survive
Most money was controlled by people at the top- especially
the ruler
, the
Tsar
The Romanov family had ruled Russia for 300+ years
Russia was ruled
by Alexander IIISlide4
1. Alexander iii
Impact
of assassination of Alexander II.
Alexander
III,
Pobedonostsev
and reaction
. Restoration of autocracy, censorship and the policy of Russification.Slide5
His dad….Alexander II
Tsar from 1855-1881
Known as ‘Tsar Liberator’
Emancipated the peasantry
Implementation of village communes
Modernised
Russian Legal system
Assassinated March 1881 Slide6
Autocracy
a system of government by one person with absolute power.Slide7
Impact of assassination
Impact
of his father's death made him
- reverse his father's reforms,
realised
it did not work since his father was assassinated due to
population
discontent.
- blame the Jews for his father's assassination.believed that autocracy was better than democracy.Slide8
The Reign of Alexander III
Became Tsar after
his father’s- Alexander
II's assassination in 1881.
Cancels father's plans to introduce a representative assembly and had no intention to limiting his autocratic prowess.
During his reign, Russia was not involved in any wars.
Because of this, he was dubbed peacemaker of Russia.
He was much more conservative - he believed autocracy was better than democracy.
Reversed all of his father's reforms.Slide9
1. Restoring Autocracy
Tsar
took repressive measures to uphold his autocratic rule.
Tsar passed the Temporary Regulations to deal with the "Will of The People."
populists, professional revolutionaries, supporter of political struggle against the autocratic rule.
Anybody who threatened public order were arrested by police. (harsh security measures)
As a result :
- It eliminates political opposition. (only a few revolutionaries remain)
- Terrorism and "Will of The People" died down.Slide10
2. Education
In 1884, Tsar passed a new
University Statue.
This statue abolished university autonomy and banned students' political activities.
Secondary schools were "advised" to give more attention to teaching of classical languages.
Raised tuition fees. This made is difficult for lower classes to obtain education.
Working class and peasant children were forbidden to study in secondary schools.
This meant that only the upper class could be educated further than the core education.
This would then expand the gap between the rich and the poor that already exists in Russia. Increased Russia's illiteracy go up to 79%. Severe restrictions and censorship of press. Slide11
3. introduction of the "
Land Commandants
"
Had
to be of the local nobility. - nobility overruled the
zemstvo
(a form of local
government).
Reduced urban assemblies. They held a wide authority over the peasant communities.
"Justices of Peace" were transferred to them.
Exercised (omnipotent - meaning having unlimited powers.) administrative and judicial authority in the Russian countryside. (such as increasing tax for
zemstva
)
Local officials feared the Land Commandants because they could be dismissed by them.
Zemstvo
powers were limited. (due to fear and social hierarchy)
The Land Commandant encourages the idea of a social hierarchy. It represents the upper-class/nobilities as richer and of higher rank.
As a result :
- Peasant delegates and
westernised
intellectuals were reduced.
- Representation of nobles were increased.
- Land captains were automatically members of the
zemstva
.
-
Zemstvo
decisions were subject to review by the provincial governors and the minister of the interior. (no authority)
- In 1892, the municipal government also raised property requirement in order to limit the right to vote of the radical intellectuals and the lower classes. Slide12
4. Russification
Alexander III believes strongly in the Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian
Orthodow
Church is a
christian
denomination where it believes that the Tsar & fellow leaders were sent and appointed by God himself
Russiafication
was directed at Jewish people as they were blamed for the assassination of Alexander IIThe Jews were particularly hated because of their strong religious beliefs that were most difficult to ‘
Russiafy
’
This encouraged pogroms (
organised
attacks on
J
ews)
Jews were no longer allowed in the Pale of Settlement which were designated areas for Jews in Poland
Quotas for Jews in schools and
Uni
never rose above 10%
Zionist Movement began in 1897 – aiming to make a homeland for Jews (now Israel)
The Bund was formed as a Jewish revolutionary party Slide13
Pobedonostsev- censorship
The church was used to extend the power of the Tsar
1881-1905 the Procurator of the Holy Synod was
Konstantin
Pobedonostsev
He wrote about how he felt Alexander II’s reforms were ‘a grave error’
His most important function was to preach to people to be obedient to the Tsar
This obedience was transmitted from bishops to clergy in villages across Russia
Traditionally confession was confidential- however this was changed and information was passed frequently to the police and used as evidence against offenders- this increased censorship across Russia
Autocracy, Orthodoxy and NationalitySlide14
Task:
Read through the notes I have given you then answer the questions below:
What type of man was Alexander III and how
influenced
was he by his father?
How was Alexander III influenced by his tutor
Pobedonostev
?
What was life like in Tsarist Russia?What was the Russian economy like under the reign of Alexander III?
What problems did Russian society and the Romanov monarchy face?Slide15
PASTPAPER QUESTIONSlide16
PASTPAPER QUESTION
(
c) Why did Alexander III carry out a policy of repression in the years 1881–
94?
Explain
your answer.
(8
)
There are several reasons for Alexander III adopting a policy of repression from 1881-94.One of these reasons was………
Assassination of
father-
explain…
LINK- The assassination of his father
combined
with
the influence
of his
tutor
Influence of
Pobedonostsev
-
explain…