The Marijuan a Experiment Woodstock Weed Potency about 34 THC 72 of all pot was imported Primarily leaves stems flowers and hodgepodge pieces of the plant Brought into the country in bricks ID: 628139
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Slide1
Considerations Of Legalization In Ohio
The
Marijuan
a ExperimentSlide2
Woodstock Weed
Potency about 3-4% THC
72% of all pot was imported
Primarily leaves, stems, flowers and hodgepodge pieces of the plantBrought into the country in bricksSmoked – maybe pot browniesSlide3
California Introduces “Medical” Marijuana in 1996
California Proposition 215
California marijuana activist Dennis Peron
Medicinal properties to give comfort to HIV patientsWon with 55.5% of the voteOpposition said law was too vagueCompassion won over votersSlide4
Marijuana Status (Medicinal)- 23 States and DC
California – 1996
Alaska – 1998
Oregon – 1998
Washington – 1998
Maine – 1999
Colorado – 2000
Hawaii - 2000
Nevada – 2000Montana – 2004Vermont – 2004Rhode Island – 2006New Mexico - 2007
Michigan – 2008Arizona – 2010DC – 2010New Jersey – 2010Delaware – 2011Connecticut – 2012Massachusetts - 2012Illinois – 2013New Hampshire – 2013Maryland – 2014Minnesota – 2014New York - 2014Slide5
Marijuana Status (CBD) - 11
States
AlabamaFloridaGeorgia
Iowa
Kentucky
Mississippi
Missouri
South CarolinaTennesseeUtahWisconsinSlide6
Who Are the Cardholders?
In states where measured, patients:
Have less than 5% of all patients have the life threatening issues
Over 90% use for chronic pain
Average cardholder - 32 year old white male with no history of chronic illness and a history of substance abuseSlide7
Cannabidiol Medications
Children with Seizure Issues
Charlotte’s Web (Charlotte
Figi) – Stanley Brothers
Epidiolex
(GW Pharmaceuticals)
Mixed Success
Epilepsy
Foundation – Need for more testingSlide8
Responsible OhioConcernsMarijuana monopolyChildren would be allowed access to “medical” marijuana (with written consent of a parent)
“Medical” marijuana individuals can share pot
Home-grown pot can be shared
Program for low-income individuals to get low-cost potHow much can a person have?1159 stores allowed – only 203 Starbucks in OhioCan “medical” marijuana folks use in public? the workplace? Correctional facilities? Daycares? Slide9
Do we want this for our community?2.If this happens, what do we need to consider?
Two Policy ConsiderationsSlide10
Legalization and employers
Business ImpactSlide11
Employer Concerns
Liability for injuries or damages caused by impaired employees
Compliance with state and federal workplace policies – OSHA, DOT, “safety sensitive” positions
Worker’s Compensation and drug free workplaceHiring, disciplining and firing employeesGuidelines for accommodations and leave requestsSlide12
Colorado Employer Concerns
Courts have upheld rights to maintain a drug-free workplace
Main problem in Colorado – confusion over the law
Colorado Staffing Association’s ED Jan
Haire
– “legalization is “a horrible dilemma for our members, because there’s no way to know if someone’s impaired.”
-Lee Bowman, Scripps 3/23/14Slide13
Quest Diagnostics Employee Drug Testing (November, 2014)
Positive
results increased by
6.2% since 2012Double digit increases in Colorado and Washington415,000 estimated pot users in the workforce
Marijuana most frequently for positive testsSlide14
Discrimination
Michigan – Joseph
Casias
sued his employerCase dismissed by Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals
Maine – Brittany Thomas sues Adecco
ACLU is taking this case up
Colorado – Brandon Coats sued Dish Network
Court ruled wasn't illegal firing because marijuana is an illegal drug federally
WSJ article - "Medical Marijuana Poses Litigation Risk to Employers." (August 15, 2013) – Cost employers between $69,000 and $107,000 in costs, not including any award.
New Mexico – Employer must pay for pot? Link to story includedSlide15
Legalization and College Campus
College and University ImpactSlide16
Impact on Colleges
Federally
schedule I drug
Conflict with state lawFederal fundingFederal financial aidNCAA ConsiderationsOff-campus useSlide17
Maryland School of Public Health (June, 2013)
Study followed 1200 college students over 10 years
College students skipped more classes, earned lower grades and dropped out more often
Unemployment rates higher after college
15 times or more per month – twice as likely to have experience “discontinuous enrollment”
Grades and RetentionSlide18
Marijuana
and
Mental health
Mental Health ImpactSlide19
Northwestern University
Northwestern Medicine at Northwestern University
1.
December, 2013 – Brain Abnormalities with Chronic Use “The younger drug abuse starts, the more abnormal the brain.”
Of schizophrenia patients surveyed, 90% used before schizophrenia set in
2.
April,
201
4 – Casual Marijuana Use Linked to Brain AbnormalitiesChanged the volume, shape and density of gray matter in brain – effects on decision making“I’ve developed a severe worry about whether we should be allowing anybody under age 30 to use pot unless they have a terminal illness and need it for pain.”March 2015 - Teen cannabis users have poor long-term memory in adulthood
Daily users – Hippocampus changes that influenced memory (18% worse on long term memory tests)Two years marijuana free and did not change resultsSlide20
Meta-analysis was conducted by Australian researchers in 2011 for the Archives of General
Psychiatry
used 83 studies to
assess the impact of marijuana use on the early onset of psychotic illness. The findings were clear and consistent:
“The results of meta-analysis provide evidence for a relationship between cannabis use and earlier onset of psychotic illness…[The] results suggest the need for renewed warnings about the potentially harmful effects of cannabis.”
Link between Marijuana and Mental Illness?Slide21
Legalization and community concerns
Impact on
the CommunitySlide22
2007-2012 – Traffic fatalities decreased 14%2007-2012 – Traffic fatalities involving drivers testing positive for marijuana increased 100%In 2007, Colorado traffic fatalities involving operators testing positive for marijuana represented 7.04 percent
of the total traffic fatalities
.
By 2012, that number more than doubled to 16.53 percentRocky Mtn. HIDTA Report - FatalitiesSlide23
Teen drivers
Liberty Mutual/SADD
survey
(USA Today Reporting)19% admitted to driving after smoking marijuana36% - marijuana smoking no distraction while driving34% who admitted to smoking while high said it made them a better driverSlide24
Homeless Influx Into Denver?
Homeless shelters say increase because of medicinal and legal pot.
Older – medicinal; younger – recreational
Up to estimated 30% relocated for marijuana (Denver’s Salvation Army Crossroads Shelter)Denver’s Saint Francis Center – “300 new faces per month” – many were drawn because of legal marijuanaUrban Peak – youth-oriented homeless program – up 328 homeless young adults.1/3 cite legal marijuana for moving to DenverSlide25
Colorado – Predicted recreational taxes = $107,000,000Actual total collected in 2014 = $63,414,883
Medical (2.9%) = $10,886,966
Retail Sales Tax (12.9%) = $39,186,917
Wholesale Retail Excise Tax (15%) = $13,341,000Nearly 40% - black market
Ohio
– Predicted recreational taxes =
$554,000,000
Tax structure
15% tax on grower15% tax on distributor5% retail taxNo tax on medical
No tax on home grown (shared only)Marijuana TaxesSlide26
Colorado Director of Marijuana CoordinationAndrew Freedman – Colorado Marijuana CzarInterview with Boston Herald Radio (June, 2015)
“You do not legalize for taxation. It is a myth. You are not going to pave streets. You are not going to be able to pay teachers. The big red herring is the whole thing that the tax revenue will solve a bunch of crises. But it won’t.”
The tax dollars brought in largely go toward the “cost of legalization.”Slide27
People are not put in prison for small time marijuana use today. Ohio Prison statistics reveal that less than 1% of inmates are behind bars for marijuana possession.
Racial Disparity
Not an issue exclusive to marijuana
Drug Policy Alliance review of Colorado – Post legalization – African Americans are still arrested at a higher rate than whites for marijuana crimes.
Prison and MarijuanaSlide28
ER Admissions
374,000 ER visits due solely to marijuana – ER visits increase nationally more than 50% from 2004 to 2011.
Children’s Hospital of Colorado – 2.3% of all poisonings of children under 12 were marijuana-related.
Colorado - Hospitalizations related to marijuana have increased 82
percent from 2008 to 2013.
Other Considerations
1000% increase in amounts of marijuana seizures in Denver since 2011.
350% higher rate of use by 8
th graders than the national average38% reported they got it from a friend who obtained it legally
23% reported they got it from their parentsER Visits and Other ConsiderationsSlide29
Not Just Smoking
…Slide30
Marijuana EdiblesSlide31Slide32
Marijuana Edibles
Up to 70% THC
More potent than smoking (12% THC)
THC Levels are inconsistent, even with packaging
March 9, 2014 Denver Post – testing showed that labels didn’t match actual THC levelSlide33
Meet Claude…
Black Cherry Gummy Bear
THC Infused
100 milligrams of THC per bear
Colorado law – 10 mg per serving
Foot = one
servingSlide34
Wyoming College Student
Levy Thamba Pongi – Northwest College
Ate one marijuana cookie – recommended serving size was 1/6 of a cookie.
Jumped out of window
Autopsy – marijuana intoxication was a “significant contributing factor.”Slide35
Kristine Kirk
Husband ate a marijuana candy
Started hallucinating
Told wife to shoot him
On phone with 911, he killed herSlide36
Other ProductsSlide37
Marijuana Wax
What is Marijuana Wax?
Highest potency of marijuana on the market and quicker high
Created by using butane to extract "hash oil" or "butane hash oil (BHO) from marijuana plant
Marijuana put in long tube and then heated with butane.Slide38
Waxing Creation Issues
Wax
is to marijuana as freebasing is to cocaine
Vapors fill room and ignite with a spark
Risk of
burns and homes
blowing
up
Learn how to cook wax on YouTubeFEMA issued bulletin in February to identify BHO production32 hash oil explosions in Colorado in 2014 and 0 in 2012
Closed Wax System – more expensiveSlide39Slide40
Marijuana Transformation:
The High
Blogs have called it the “future of cannabis”
Can Exceed 80% THCHallucinationsImmediate high – smoking takes about 20 minutes
Described as an intense experience, even for seasoned marijuana usersSlide41
Dabbing and
VapingSlide42
Lancet Psychiatry Journal Study
Higher potency weed may be linked to increase in likelihood of psychotic episode.
Weekly user of high potency weed (15% THC) content were 3 times more likely to be diagnosed with a psychotic episode.
Daily use – 5 times more likelySlide43
Legalization = Commercialization
With legalization comes market for stronger, more intense high
Very little research done on higher potency weed
Little to no regulation on high-concentrate pot productsSlide44
Questions?