Integrating Population and Housing Censuses with Agricultural Censuses Outline International recommendations on linked censuses Why have an integrated census programme Modalities of linking censuses and the Integrated Statistical System ID: 289607
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Slide1
Context
Integrating Population and Housing Censuses with Agricultural CensusesSlide2
Outline
International recommendations on linked censuses.
Why have an integrated census
programme
.
Modalities of linking censuses and the Integrated Statistical SystemSlide3
Current Recommendations
UNSD
Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses, Rev 2
2007
UNECE Conference of European Statistician
Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing
2006
FAO
Recommendations World Census of Agriculture
2010
UNECA 2010
Africa Round of Population and Housing Censuses
2008
Important to understand the change in emphasis between the current round of censuses and previous rounds.
Previous rounds did not encourage joint activities for 2 main reasons – different enumeration units (household and holding) and overloading questionnaireSlide4
FAO recommendations
Use of common concepts, definitions and classifications
Collecting a greater level of agricultural data in the population and housing census
Sharing field materials
Using the data for a frame for agricultural censuses and surveys
Linking data from separately conducted population and housing censuses and agricultural censuses
Conducting the two censuses as a joint field operationSlide5
UNSD Recommendations
Collecting additional agricultural information in the population census (non-core items)
For preparation of frame of agricultural holdings (family farm) for the agricultural census
Data collected during pre census listing or additional items in population census questionnaire
Self-employed agricultural production
Censuses carried out close together
Use of demographic data from population census reduces size of agriculture census questionnaire
Joint field operation with separate questionnaires also possibleSlide6
UNECE Recommendations
Most relevant for countries with the bulk of agricultural activities in the household sector
Use of common definitions
Shared materials: common EAs, preparation of sample frame and sample design
Collecting agricultural information as part of the population census questionnaire (non-core items)
Combined field operations with separate questionnaires
One time collection of demographic and activity status informationSlide7
UNECA Recommendations
Shared equipment and personnel
Shared equipment – maps and field personnel
Including agriculture questions in the population census
Using data from population census in the frame for the agricultural censusSlide8
Why have an integrated census
programme
?
Current agricultural data in population census
Some agriculture data routinely collected but not sufficient
Items collected as part of population census
Main occupation, industry of main occupation and employment status in main occupation
Not broad enough in scope
no auxiliary information for sample design
Many countries don’t follow ILO standard classification
Difficult to identify agriculture households
Example of regional classification
Underestimates number of farm households
usually based on short reference period which does not capture seasonality
Criteria for main job may exclude households with several activities, e.g. fishing
Existing data insufficient: need for specific consideration of agriculture data and inclusion of limited number of itemsSlide9
Why have an integrated census programme?
Advantages for the National Statistics System
Reducing the total cost of the two censuses
Enriching data analysis
Ensuring regular agricultural census operations
Building a reliable sample frame and optimizing the sample design for the agricultural census
Better defining the agricultural census coverage – identifying non-agricultural households and minor agricultural households.Slide10
Why have an integrated census
progarmme
?
Broader scope for agriculture statistics
Cost effectiveness
More efficient sample design and better quality sample frameSlide11
Broader Scope for Agriculture: Integrated Statistical System
Traditionally focused on the structure of agriculture and agricultural production.
Support to national accounts
Provide data on SNA economic production units: enterprises and establishments
ISIC classification of agriculture
Under Global Strategy recognition of new data demands: structure, production, farm management, food security, household income and expenditure,
labour
force and pricesSlide12
Broader Scope for Agriculture: Emerging needs for integrated data
Food Security
Can we feed our citizens?
Impact on farmers and agricultural households of the food price spikes?
Poverty Reduction
How to improve household income from sales of crops and livestock?
What is the relationship between increased productivity of smallholder farmers and economic growth?
How does small holder farming, animal husbandry, employment in new high value agriculture and rural non farm economy lead to poverty reduction?
Gender
Which agricultural activities involve women?
What is their economic contribution?Slide13
Broader Scope for Agriculture: Global Strategy
Global Strategy extends to economic, social and environmental dimensions
Economic: Agricultural production, markets, farm and nonfarm income and survey data
Social: Reducing risk and vulnerability, food security, gender
Environmental sustainability, climate change adaptation,
biofuels
, land cover and land useSlide14
Broader Scope for Agriculture: WCA 2010
Modular Approach: Core and Supplementary modules
WCA 2010 flexible – core data and inclusion of themes relevant to countries
Integration with population and housing census is part of this new approach
Enables integration with the national statistical system
Flexibility to include broader range of data
Enables inclusion of minimal producersSlide15
The agricultural census in the framework of an integrated system of censuses and surveys
Slide16
Broader Scope for Agriculture: WCA 2010 (2)
Core data should cover:
Key items for agricultural policy making and planning
Data for items needed at small administrative units: districts or villages
Rare events: unusual crops or livestock
Data needed to create sampling frames
Data
needed
to make international
comparisonsSlide17
Efficiency and Quality: Sample Design and Sample Frame
Up to date listing for the sample frame – more reliable data
Additional information to optimize the sample design
e.g. Types of crops, farm size for stratification
Better defined agricultural census coverage
Complete listing of agricultural households: no cut-offs
Preliminary information identifies need for specialized surveys e.g. bee keepingSlide18
Tools and methodology for integrationSlide19
Linkage –
reducing the total cost of the two censuses
50 % reduction in some countries
Coordinated approach rather than two separate collections reduces costs
Shared infrastructure, logistics, personnel and equipment can be used for both censuses
Particularly census cartography
Smaller agricultural census possible by including basic agricultural questions in population and housing census
Common master sample frame
Reduces costs of separate listing to produce frameSlide20
Cost Effectiveness
Integration of agriculture into
national
statistics
system (
NSS
)
Methodology
to Integrate
Agriculture
Master
Sampling
Frame
Integrated
Data Base
Integrated Survey
Framework
Context of an integrated statistical system
Common sample frame
Integrated surveysSlide21
Modalities for Linking
Choice of modality is part of the
programme
of data collection in country
Must be seen in the context of an integrated statistical system
Joint Agriculture and Population Censuses
Additional Items
Full Agricultural ModuleSlide22
Context of the Integrated Statistical System
Integrated censuses are part of an integrated statistical system
Based on a master sample frame with common samples
Advantages
of
integration
Avoids duplication of effort
Prevents release of conflicting statistics
More efficient use of resourcesSlide23
Integrated
Statistical System
What does it look like?
Coordinated data collection
Timely, accurate, coherent and comparable data
Requires coordination among
sectoral
producers and NSO
Elements include:
Common concepts, definitions and classification
Coherent results among producers removes duplication of effort
Integrated database – data integrated across various surveys allows cross – tabulations and in depth analysisSlide24
Tools for Development of the Integrated Statistical System – NSDS Issues
Paris21 Review - 10% of
International Development Association (IDA) countries
had included agriculture more-or-less appropriately in the NSDS process (1999)
NSDS
coverage of agriculture is generally poor - including vital areas such as food security
In
many countries the first generation NSDS was NSO-centric
Agriculture
activities often part of informal economy
Not well covered by statistics reporting systemsSlide25
Tools for Development of the Integrated Statistical System NSDS Advantages of Mainstreaming
Mainstreaming agriculture into NSDS address issues of:
Statistical legislation not always covering the whole statistical system
Lack of coordination between NSOs and
MoAs
or deficient intra-sector coordination
Low profile of statisticians in agriculture ministries
Disorganized statistical functionsSlide26
Tools for Development of the
Integrated Statistical System NSDS
Paris21 –
capacity
development
for
National Strategy for Development of
Statistics
NSDS
develops
a
framework
for a common programme and integration of agriculture into the NSS
Overall vision for development of NSS
Based on identified statistical needs of policy users. E.g.
development
of
indicators
needed
to monitor progress of policy
implementation
Institutional development – appropriate legal framework
Organisational development including coordinating unit
Human Resource Development – skilled staff
Infrastructure Development
Includes statistical work programme and planned data collections
Mobilization of resources within country and externally
Advocacy for use of statistics in policy making