Otitis Media & Sinusitis - PowerPoint Presentation

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Otitis Media & Sinusitis

Diego Martinez

Sergio Serna

Alan Acevedo

Angel Mafnas

Types of Otitis Media

Acute otitis media (AOM)

Is

classified

as the

first

symptoms

to show an

ear

infection.

Mostly

found

in

younger

children

.

Otitis media with

effusion

(OME)

There is no

ear

infection

but

there

is a

thick

or

sticky

fluid

behind

the

eardrum

.

Chronic

suppurative

otitis media

Inflammation of the

middle

ear

or the

eardrum

might

be

perforated

due

to fluid in the

middle

ear

.

Adhesive

otitis media

This occurs when the

eardrum

gets

sucked

in

deeper

in to the

middle

ear

space

and

gets

stucked

.

Otitis Media

Etiology

inflammation

of the ear, usually distinguished as otitis

externa

Causes- An

ear infection is usually caused by bacteria or viruses that get into the body through the nose and mouth

. Streptococcus

pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequently isolated pathogens in patients with acute otitis media

.

More than 80 percent of children have at least one episode of otitis media by the time they are 3 years of age

.

Otitis Media

Epidemiology

Otitis Media

Transmission

AOM

is transmitted by airborne spread of the causative infectious agents in droplets, sprayed into the air when a sick person coughs or sneezes. The infection in the new host usually begins with a common cold, sore throat or measles

. The

presence of certain risk factors makes babies and young children more vulnerable to developing

AOM.

Tests and diagnosis

Pneumatic Otoscope-

The doctor will likely use a lighted instrument to look at the ears, throat and nasal passage. He or she will also listen to your child breathe with a stethoscope.

Additional tests-

Your doctor may perform other diagnostic tests if there is any doubt about a diagnosis, if the condition hasn't responded to previous treatments, or if there are other persistent or serious problems.

Symptoms

Children

-

•Ear pain, especially when lying down

•Tugging or pulling at an ear

•Difficulty sleeping

•Crying more than usual

•Acting more irritable than usual

•Difficulty hearing or responding to sounds

Symptoms

Adults

Ear

pain, especially when lying down

Tugging or pulling at an ear

Difficulty sleeping

Crying more than usual

Acting more irritable than usual

Difficulty hearing or responding to sounds

Preventions

Prevent common colds and other illnesses:

Teach your children to wash their hands frequently and thoroughly and to not share eating and drinking utensils. Avoid secondhand smoke

Talk to your doctor about vaccinations:

Ask your doctor about what vaccinations are appropriate for your child. Seasonal flu shots and pneumococcal vaccines may help prevent ear infections.

Treatment

Most ear infections resolve without treatment with antibiotics. What's best for your child depends on many factors, including your child's age and the severity of symptoms.

Children 6 months and older with moderate to severe ear pain in one or both ears for at least 48 hours or a temperature of 102.2 F or higher.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses. It occurs as a result from an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus.

Sinusitis is a upper respiratory infection.

It effects a organ in the nose.

Sinusitis

Epidemiology

Sinuses

are spaces in our skull filled with air.

Mucus sometimes drains into the sinuses and cleans them out.

When this spaces become blocked, bacteria or other organisms can grow easily.

This can happen when:

Cilia in the sinuses fail to remove mucus.

Colds and allergies can cause too much mucus to get stuck in the sinuses.

A deviated nasal septum, nasal bone spur, or nasal polyps may block the opening of the sinuses.

Sinusitis

There are two types of Sinusitis:

Acute sinusitis

Symptoms show in 4 weeks or less. It is caused because of bacteria growing in the sinuses.

Chronic sinusitis

Swelling and inflammation of the sinuses are present for

longar

than

3

months

. It

may

be caused

by

bacteria or

fungi

.

Common

in

both

children

and

adults

.

Sinusitis is

common

in the US,

reporting

between

24 to 31

million

cases

annually

.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is

not

contagious

.

But

the bacteria or

organism

that

can cause a

blockage

in the sinuses can be

transmitted

.

The

symptoms

of

acute

sinusitis

follow

a

cold

that

doesn´t

get

better

or

even

gets

worse

. The

symptoms

are:

Bad breath or loss of smell

Cough, often worse at night

Fatigue and general feeling of being ill

Fever

Headache -- pressure-like pain, pain behind the eyes, toothache, or tenderness of the face

Nasal stuffiness and discharge

Sore throat and postnasal drip

Sinusitis

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis are the same as those of acute sinusitis, but tend to be milder and last longer than 12 weeks.

Symptoms of sinusitis in children include:

Cold or respiratory illness that has been getting better and then begins to get worse

High fever, along with a darkened nasal discharge, that lasts for at least 3 days

Nasal discharge, with or without a cough, that has been present for more than 10 days and is not improving

Sinusitis

The doctor will examine the patient for sinusitis by:

Looking in the nose for signs of polyps

Shining a light against the sinus for signs of inflammation

Tapping over a sinus area to find infection

Viewing the sinuses through a

nasal endoscopy may

help diagnose sinusitis.

Imaging tests that may be used to decide on treatment are:

CT scan 

MRI

If the patient has sinusitis that does not go away or keeps returning, other tests may include:

Allergy

testing

Blood tests for HIV or other tests for poor immune function

Ciliary

function test

Nasal culture

Sinusitis

To

help

reduce

congestion

in

your

sinuses,

you

can:

Apply a warm, moist washcloth to your face several times a day.

Drink plenty of fluids to thin the mucus.

Inhale steam 2 - 4 times per day

To prevent sinus pain:

Avoid flying when you are congested.

Avoid temperature extremes, sudden changes in temperature, and bending forward with your head down.

Most of the time, Acute sinusitis infection doesn´t need medication. It heals on its own. Antibiotic can still be used but will only reduce the time it takes the infection to go away.

Sinusitis

The

best

way

to

avoid

Sinusitis

infections

is to:

Avoid

colds

and

flu

.

Eat

healthy

.

Get

vaccine

againts

influenza

each

year

.

Wash

your

hands

often

.

Don´t

stress out.

References

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/basics/prevention/con-20014260

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/994656-treatment

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