51 What are the environmental issues facing cities 51a Urban regions can generate huge eco footprints changing Cities Large graphic Our modern lives use lots of resources All resources ultimately come from the natural environment ID: 541046
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Slide1
People and the Planet- topic 5:
5.1 What are the environmental issues facing cities?
5.1a) Urban regions can generate huge eco- footprints
changingCitiesSlide2
Large graphicOur modern lives use lots of resources.
All resources ultimately come from the natural environment. This lessons looks at variations rates of consumption amongst different communities.Slide3
Coming upWhat is an eco-footprint?What contributes to an eco-footprint?
How and why to eco-footprints vary?Case study: Winchester v SalisburyCase study: Variations across LondonCase study: Global variationsSlide4
By the end you will be able toDefine what an eco-footprint isDescribe and explain variations in eco-footprints at different scalesSlide5
Urban regions and their eco- footprints
What is the Ecological footprint of a Country?
The Ecological Footprint of a country is defined as the land and natural resources required to provide the raw materials on which the country along with its population feeds, and process the waste products it produces.
We use the natural environment as a SOURCE- to obtain things for our needsWe also use as a SINK- to dispose of all our waste productsThese SOURCES and SINKS represents the amount of land, water and air (BIPRODUCTIVE AREAS) needed to support our lifestyles
This is expressed in the measurement GLOBAL HECTARES (GHA)
Task: Define “Source” and “Sink”Slide6
What is in our footprint?
What sources do we use in order to be able to live in London?
What sinks do we use in order to be able to live in London?
Use page 205 in the textbook to help.Slide7
What is in our footprint?
Our footprints now extend far beyond places we live in as we no longer produce, consume and dispose of everything we need in our local area.
These components make up an eco-footprint-Food we eat
Transport we useHousing we live inEntertainment and leisure servicesAll consumer goods- clothes, electricals and all energy it takes to produce and transport it
Infrastructure- water and power supplies, health and education services, transport network improvementsPublic services- resources used by councils to support our lifestyles- refuse collection, highway and park maintenance, street furniture,
etcSlide8
Eco-footprint component
How it contributes to a footprint
How this impacts your individual eco-footprint
Food you eat
e.g. Food is imported from overseas.
Chemical
fertilisers
help food grow
I eat citrus fruit from Spain
Transport you use
Housing
Entertainment and leisure services
Consumer goods
Infrastructure
Public servicesSlide9
Why do eco-footprints vary?
Salisbury
WinchesterSlide10
Salisbury and Winchester are two small cities in the south of England. Salisbury has a population of 45000, whilst Winchester has a population of 40000.
Salisbury
and Winchester are just 80km apart but have very different eco-footprints
Which city has the smallest footprint?
Can you suggest reasons for the difference?.
Why do eco-footprints vary?
City
Planets
Footprint
(global hectares)
Salisbury
2.79
5.01
Winchester
3.62
6.52Slide11
Unemployment is low
House prices are lower.
People commute long distances to work.
Cycling is popular.Unemployment is low
Income is higher
Why do eco-footprints vary?
Salisbury
Winchester
Place the statements into the correct column.Slide12
Put each statement in the correct column. For each statement explain how it impacts on the eco-footprint of the city.
Why do eco-footprints vary?
Salisbury
Winchester
House prices are lower. This affects the eco-footprint because
Income is higher. This affects
the eco-footprint because
Cycling is popular. This affects
the eco-footprint because
People commute longer distances to work. This affects
the eco-footprint because
Unemployment is low This affects
the eco-footprint because
Unemployment is low This affects
the eco-footprint because Slide13
Check your answers.
Winchester
has more commuters that travel longer and further to work therefore use cars increasing their CARBON FOOTPRINT (an aspect of the eco footprint). more and in Salisbury people cycle/ walk to work more.
People have higher income in Winchester so can afford to spend more on more things.House values are higher in Winchester so can afford to spend more on more things.
Both
cities have high employment
rates
, meaning they have income to
spend
on material possessions
Why do eco-footprints vary?Slide14
London’s eco-footprintLondon is 44th on the WWF list out of 60 towns and cities
London’s total footprint extends over an area twice the size of Britain and is equal to the size of Spain. Not all of London has a large print-
How do footprints vary across London?Slide15
London’s eco-footprint
% of low paid residents.
Eco footprint
Can you explain
the variations in London’s
eco – footprint?Slide16
Eco- footprints around the World
Think: how will eco – footprints vary between countries?Justify your answer.Slide17
Eco- footprints around the World
Lower Income Countries (LEDC)-
tend to have smaller eco-footprints due to lifestyle differences and lower levels of consumption in general
Higher Income Countries (MEDC)- tend to have higher eco- footprints as they have materialistic wealth, and therefore consume more.Task-Look at the graph and table on page 207 of textbook
Is there a relationship between a country’s HDI rank and their eco-footprint? Which countries are anomalies (don’t fit the normal pattern?) why
?Slide18
Why do you think the UK has a high eco footprint whilst Kenya has the low eco footprint
? Use the cards on your table to identify the reasons for this. Summarise the answers in your exercise bookSlide19
Why do you think the UK has a high eco footprint whilst Kenya has the low eco footprint
? Check your answers
DEVELOPED eg UK 5.3 ha per person
DEVELOPING eg Kenya 1.5ha per person
People in the UK consume more as they are more affluent eg:
People consume less as they have lower incomes (less affluent)
Buy consumer goods eg CD’s; fridges etc. Which consume resources; consume energy in production; transport and use.
Consume fewer goods as they have lower incomes (GDP is less)
Buy imported foods eg coffee; exotic fruits etc which increase food miles.
Many grow their own food
Own and run more cars which consume oil and contribute to air pollution as well as CO2 contributing to global warming
Few people own and run cars. Walk and use bicycles.
Spend money on foreign holidays which generates more CO2 emissions from aeroplanes
Only the small wealthy minority can afford foreign holidays
People in the UK generate more waste from consumer goods and consumption of for eg electricity
Electricity is expensive and consumption levels are low especially in rural areas.Slide20
OverviewThere are many individual components that make up our eco-footprints, such as where our food is from, how much we own and who makes it, which services we have in our local area, how we dispose of our rubbish and how much rubbish we create.
The world tends to see a pattern, with more highly developed countries having higher eco-footprints, although within all countries eco-footprints vary from place to place.Slide21
Practice Question
Using examples, explain how and why different cities have different eco- footprints (4 marks)Slide22
To finish What is the likely eco-footprint of people who:
Take foreign holidaysPlay “I spy” each eveningOwn an allotmentCommute for 1 hour per day.Explain your reasons