Period 1 Put on show mode - PowerPoint Presentation

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Period 1

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Overview

Period 1 Beginning to 600 B.C.E.+

Paleolithic Age

Neolithic Age

Neolithic Revolution

River Valley Civilizations

Mesopotamia

Egypt

Indus Valley

Huang He river valley Slide3

Question 1

Early agriculture in the Americas

Developed as a result of cultural diffusion from the Eastern Hemisphere

Featured the domestication of larger animals than in the Eastern Hemisphere

Begin Later than in the Eastern Hemispheres

Did not produce the wide variety of crops than the Eastern Hemisphere did

Saw the rise of urbanization earlier than did the Eastern HemisphereSlide4

Question 2

The Agricultural Revolution

Began with an extensive pattern of cultural diffusion

Occurred about the same time throughout the world

Was confined to nonwestern civilization

Was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 B.C.E.

Saw the use of agricultural methods that encouraged migrations Slide5

Question 3

During the Agricultural Revolution, women

Were

c

onfined to childbearing duties

Participated in hunting activities with men

Experienced a decrease in status

Were not represented in Neolithic art

Observed and studied the agricultural environment Slide6

Question 4

The Neolithic Age

Saw the beginnings of urbanization

Saw the process of agriculture carried out without the use of metal tools

Produced societies without class distinctions

Saw a decline in global populations

Witnessed the end of nomadic societies Slide7

Question 5

Early urban dwellers

Were dominated by people in agriculture settlements

Left the pursuit of religious practices to agricultural peoples

Saw the need for a government

Were exempt from taxation

Were offered few opportunities to carry out specialized tasksSlide8

Question 6

The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization

In its reliance on natural defense barriers

In its system of social stratification

In its political structure

In the extent to which its culture was diffused

In the nature of the flood pattern of its major riversSlide9

Question 7

The earliest civilization in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in

Their location

a

t similar latitudes

Their technological knowledge

Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers in their midst

Their practice of polytheism

The extent of their trade contacts with neighboring people Slide10

Question 8

The Indus valley civilization

Relied heavily on communal planning

Is best studied through its written records

Was isolated from other river valley civilizations because of surrounding mountains

Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders

Shared similar flood control concerns with the EgyptiansSlide11

Question 9

The Early civilization with the least developed technology was

Mesoamerican

Harappan

Egyptian

Sumerian

Shang Slide12

Question 10

The roots of classical India included

The Aryan written language, or Sanskrit

The egalitarian Aryan society

Aryan agricultural knowledge

A society united by

jati

Vedic traditional literatureSlide13

Question 11

Shang China

Developed numerous artistic work even though they did not know the use of metals

Left no decipherable written records

Was prevented by natural barriers from trading with other early civilizations

Contributed to the development of central government in China

Was less urbanized than the Nile river civilization Slide14

Question 12

Early societies of South America

Were unified under a central government

Were challenged by geographic limitations

Developed societies that had no knowledge of metals

Traded widely with regions to their north

Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditionsSlide15

Question 13

Results of cultural diffusion among early civilization included

The invention of the wheel

The legend of

Quetzakcoatl

The cultivation of potatoes

Harappan

sewage systems

None of the aboveSlide16

Lets see how you did!Slide17

Answers

(explanations will be on the next slides)

C

E

E

A

C

B

D

A

A

E

D

B

BSlide18

Question 1

C

Agriculture in the Americas began around 5000 BCE, whereas that in the Eastern Hemisphere had began at least 3000 years earlier. Agriculture in the Americas developed independently (A). Animals in the Americas were smaller than those in the Eastern Hemisphere (B). Although food crops n the Americas differed from those in Eastern Hemisphere, a wide variety, including maize, squash, beans, and cacao, was produced (D). Urban areas such as those of Sumer predated urban areas in the Americas (E).Slide19

Question 2

E

Slash-and- burn cultivation resulted in the migration of early agriculture people as the soil lost its fertility. The Agriculture Revolution developed independently throughout the world (A) and at different times (B). The beginnings of agriculture was a gradual process (D) that occurred in both Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although at different times ©. Slide20

Question 3

E

Women studied the growth of plants and became the first farmers. As such, they were not confined merely to childbearing duties (A). Men handled the more strenuous duties of hunting (B). Women’s role as farmers and childbearing gave them an important in Neolithic society ©. A role that was represented in the fertility status of the Neolithic Age (D).Slide21

Question 4

A

Te first cities arose in Sumer. Some Neolithic societies used tolls of copper, bronze and later Iron (B). Societies were often stratified, with elite classes, peasants and slaves ©. Because of the success of early agriculture , population rose rapidly worldwide during the Neolithic age (D). Although many nomadic people changed to a settled lifestyle in the Neolithic Age,

nomadism

continues to the present (E)Slide22

Question 5

C

Government arose from a need to cooperate in major projects such as irrigation and flood control. Early cities trended to embrace and extend their governments to nearby agricultural settlements (A). Religious leaders played a role in early cities (B). Residents were required to pay taxes or tribute (D), and specialization of labor was commonplace Slide23

Question 6

B

Both Egypt and Sumer had societies comprising various social classes of the elite, peasants, and slaves. Whereas Egypt enjoyed natural defense barriers, Sumer did not (A). Sumer was governed by kings of local city-

states,whereas

the Egyptian

pharoahs

was the supreme ruler © Although the Egyptians largely developed themselves culturally, Sumerian culture was

widly

diffused by later conquerors (D). The Nile River flooding was predictable, whereas that of the Tigris and Euphrates was not (E). Slide24

Question 7

D

All the earliest agricultural civilization worshipped many gods . They were located in different latitudes (A) and enjoyed different levels of technology (B). The civilization of the Western hemisphere did not rely on the flooding of rivers ©. Trade in China and Andean civilization and societies was limited Slide25

Question 8

A

Te presence of granaries and well planned street grids in the cities of the

Harappan

civilization of the Indus valley is evidence of considerable community planning. The writing of the

Harappan

civilization is so far undecipherable (B). Indus valley people bypassed mountain barriers and traded by sea © Their civilization had already declined markedly before the arrival of the Aryans (D). Flood patterns of the Indus were unpredictable, whereas those of Egypt were predictable Slide26

Question 9

A

Early Mesoamerican civilization did not even have the knowledge of the wheel, whereas the other civilization mentioned did not have to rely on human muscle for contraction of irrigation projectsSlide27

Question 10

E

The tradition of the Vedas became an integral part of Indian society. Sanskrit, the language of the Aryans, was originally an oral language only (A). Aryan society consisted of a number of classes based on skin color, which would become the foundation of the Hindus caste system (B) Aryans were nomadic people who learned of agriculture from the Dravidian people of India ©. The society of classical India was divided by

jati

, or sub castes of the Hindu caste system (D). Slide28

Question 11

D

The Shang brought the settlements of northern china under the control of a centralized government. Shang dynasty to leave written records (B. Although natural barriers lessened trade, the

S

hang carried out some trade with south Asia and Southwest Asia © A number of cities arose in China under the

S

hang (E)Slide29

Question 12

B

The rugged Andean terrain hindered political unity. Early south American societies were organized into local governments (A) and knew the use of copper ©. Trade with the north was limited because of geographical barriers (D) preventing South American societies from building upon the traditions of Mesoamerica (B).Slide30

Question 13

B

The legend of Quetzalcoatl diffused throughout early Mesoamerican cultures and civilization. The invention of the wheel (A) was an independent contribution of the Sumerians. The cultivation of potatoes © was limited to the early Andean societies and civilization.

Harappan

sewage systems (D) were unique to the people of the Indus valley civilization