PPT-SOIL CHARACTERISTIC II

YULVI ZAIKA SOIL GRADATIONSIEVE ANALYSES AND HIDROMETER SOIL PLASTICITY SOIL STRUCTURE SOIL STRUCTURE SOIL CLASIFICATION PURPOSE To classified the soil into a group according to the soil behavior . They generally are less than 2 inches thick and are massive Crusts are created by the breakdown of structural units by flowing water or raindrops or through freezethaw action Soil crusts are generally only a temporary condition Typically the soil im The soil should be neutral or slightly acidic with pH 65 to 70 having high organic content Very light sandy soils are not recommended owing to their poor moisture holding properties Climate Light Light is one of the most important climatic factors i texturecourtesyNASA: (Getandsample)soilhorizonsmallthesprayLetthebetweenthemoisturethroughout.OncetheStepStep(TestIf the soil: handswhenrubbedandStep themediumribbon = number of vertices – number of edges + number of faces. Or in short-hand,. . . = |V| - |E| + |F|. where V = set of vertices. E = set of edges. F = set of faces. The delicacy of clay crystals. Soil crumb structure. Do not abuse clay!. Add plenty of organic matter. Avoid over-cultivation especially rotary cultivation. Use lime of gypsum to improve structure. Use green manure or mulch to cover the surface. Are they different? and . Do they matter?. Susan Andrews, National Leader. Soil Quality and Ecosystems. National Soil Survey Center. August 9. , . 2012. Soil Quality Definitions. “fitness for use”. The top layer of Earth’s crust where most plants grow. It contains minerals, decaying organisms, water, and air. It is divided into . horizons. , which are layers . parallel to the Earth’s surface in which . Objectives. Define: ammonification, ammonium, bulk density, . denitrification. , immobilization, leaching, mineralization, nitrate-N, nitrification, soil nitrogen fixation, volatilization. List and describe inherent factors that affect soil nitrogen. Objectives. Define: acidity, alkalinity, buffering capacity, soil pH. List and describe inherent factors that affect soil pH. Describe how to manage soil pH. Describe how soil pH affects soil function. . . . x . . y . . z = . (q . . x . . y – (q+. . q) . . x . . y) . . t . Variation of soil suction head, |. . |, and hydraulic conductivity, K, with moisture content.. Sponsored by the NASA Climate Indicators and Data Products for Future Climate Assessment Program. Kenneth Tobin (TAMIU). Wade Crow . and Jianzhi Dong (USDA ARS). William Teng (NASA GSFC/ADNET Systems Inc.. Rolf Reichle. 1. , Gabrielle DeLannoy. 1,2. , and . Wade Crow. 3. 1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Global Model and Assimilation Office. 2 . University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium. 3. USDA ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab. Figure 3-24. Fig. 3-24a, p. 69. Mosaic of closely packed pebbles, boulders. Weak humus-mineral mixture. Dry, brown to reddish-brown with variable accumulations of clay, calcium and carbonate, and soluble salts. The characteristic roots of the (. p×p. ) matrix . A. are the solutions of the following determinant equation: . Laplace expansion. is used to write the characteristic polynomial as. :. Since (.