Steam sterilization theory and equipment - PowerPoint Presentation

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Steam sterilization theory and equipment - PPT Presentation

MRAGHUVARAN MPHARM 1 st SEM PHARMACEUTICS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES KAKATIYA UNIVERSITY What is sterilization Definitions Sterile Free from any living organisms Sterilization Process of killing or removing microorganisms from a product to insure that it is steri ID: 143261

autoclave steam chamber items steam autoclave items chamber pressure sterilization sterilizer temperature cycle heat air high sterilizers door preparing gravity vacuum autoclaved

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Slide1

Steam sterilization theory and equipment

M.RAGHUVARANM.PHARM 1st SEM (PHARMACEUTICS)UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCESKAKATIYA UNIVERSITYSlide2

What is sterilization?

DefinitionsSterile: Free from any living organismsSterilization: Process of killing or removing microorganisms from a product to insure that it is sterileSlide3

Sterilizing AgentsType of agents

ChemicalPhysicalMoist heatDry heatMost clinics use physical agentsSlide4

Steam Sterilization: Autoclave

Pressurized device that uses heat, steam and pressure to achieve sterilization or decontaminationSlide5

Steam – AdvantagesSimple process: The only two parameters to control are time and temperature. Highly reliable and easily controlled.

Widespread capability: All hospitals and many other heath care facilities have steam sterilizers.Excellent process for reusable medical devices that are not adversely affected by temperatures >121C (up to 135 C).Excellent process for liquids that are not heat sensitive.Slide6

Steam – DisadvantagesComparatively high temperature required: Many products and packaging materials cannot tolerate temperatures of >

121C.Generally not appropriate for most single use disposable medical devices produced in high volumes and sold as sterile.Slide7

Principles of Steam Sterilization

Sterilization: the complete destruction of all forms of microbial life, including bacterial sporesSteam under pressure reaches high temperaturesSlide8

Principles of Steam Sterilization (cont.)

The “killing power” of steam is due to its latent heat of vaporization80 calories: 1 L water to boiling540 calories: 1 L boiling water to steamSlide9

Latent Heat of Vaporization

For example:Slide10
Slide11

Action of Steam

Steam contacts a cooler surface, condenses, causing a huge decrease in volume and setting up a negative pressure that draws more steamCondensation occurs as long as there is a temperature differential Action of steam ensures: Surface heating, penetration, and protein coagulationSlide12

Items that CAN be Autoclaved:

Cultures and stocks of infectious materialCulture dishes and related devicesDiscarded live and attenuated vaccinesContaminated solid items such as: petri dishes, eppendorf tips, pipettes, gloves, paper towelItems for sterilizations such as; glassware media, aqueous solutionsSlide13

DO NOT Autoclave:

Any liquid containing:Toxic, volatile, or corrosive chemicalse.x. bleach, formalin, glutaraldehydeCheck MSDS before handCancer drugsDo not break down under high temperaturesHighly toxicRadioisotopesSlide14

Lumbers Room 120A

Farquharson 227A

Types of autoclavesSlide15

Parts of a Steam SterilizerControl panel with graph

Door handleOuter metal jacket-like chamber built around the inner chamberInner chamberSeries of filtersTemperature measurement of steam sensor Slide16

Components of a Steam Sterilizer

Source of steam- generate own steam or rely on steam from outside sourcePreheat metal jacket build around chamber for outside sources reduces total cycle timeThree main pipesA pipe with inline filters to bring steam to the sterilizer and the chamberA drain pipe for steam, air and water from the chamberA pipe to deliver filtered air to the chamber at eh end of the cycleSlide17

Construction of Steam Sterilizers

Steam Jacket: Surrounds the inner chamber and stores steam until pressure has been obtained.Inner Chamber: Items to be sterilized are loaded into this compartment without touching.Slide18

Construction of Steam Sterilizers

Valves:Pressure regulating: Maintains the pressure of 15 to 20 psi in the jacket.Safety Valve: Prevents excess pressure build-up.Steam trap: If pressure to high, valve opens and releases pressure.Slide19

Construction of Steam Sterilizers

Gauges: Located on front of sterilizer.Reading chamber pressureReading Jacket pressure.Safety Steam-lock Door: Located in front of chamber Weakest part of sterilizerSlide20

How to Autoclave

Which cycle to usePreparing your items for autoclavingLoading the autoclaveChoosing the cycle settingsUnloading the autoclaveAborting AutoclaveSlide21

How to Autoclave- Which cycle to use

Autoclaves run 3 types of cycle programsThe type of cycle depends on what is being autoclaved:

Liquid/Slow exhaust

* For autoclaving liquids

* Prevents liquids from boiling over

Solid/Gravity

* Best for unwrapped solid items

(ie glassware)

Solid/Vacuum

* Best for wrapped solid itemsSlide22