Collect information by observation or questions Does client know what it is May need to confirm Growth habit Shape and height Any other distinctive characteristics 307 Helpful information Conifer ID: 804395
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Slide1
Before you start ID process
Collect information by observation or questionsDoes client know what it is?May need to confirm
Growth habitShape and heightAny other distinctive characteristics
307
Slide2Helpful information
Conifer
Broadleaf Flowering Plant
307
Slide3Helpful information
DeciduousMost broadleaf-flowering trees and shrubsSome Larix (Larch), a Conifer
Evergreen
Most Conifers
Some broadleaf-flowering trees and shrubs, like
Mahonia
(Oregon Grape
)
307
Slide4Helpful information
TreeTypically over 12 feet tall with dominant trunk
ShrubTypically less than 12 feet tall, with multiple branches from the ground
Some plant can be trees or shrubs.
What does it look like?
307
Slide5Sources
308
Slide6Online Tree Identification Keys
Key to Identifying Common Colorado Landscape TreesColorado Master Gardener Programhttp://www.cmg.colostate.edu/TreeID/156.html
Slide7What questions
do you have about
identifying trees
and shrubs
?
Microsoft clipart
Slide8Identifying Conifers
Slide9Conifers
Taxonomic division:
Pinophytacone bearing
Arborvitae
Douglas-fir
Fir
Junipers
Larch
PinesSpruce
Yews
Slide10Conifers
Taxonomic division:
Pinophytacone bearing
Evergreen
Retains leaves (needles) for multiple years
Slide11Gymnosperms
– naked seedsNon-floweringNaked reproductive structures, not being covered by flowers
308
Slide12Pinophyta
– Conifers
Cone bearing plants
Gymnosperms
– naked seeds
308
Slide13Needle type identifies plant
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Gymnosperms
Slide14Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Scale or awl-like leaves
309
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide15Juniperus
– JunipersThuja – Arborvitae
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
309
Slide16Juniperus
– JunipersLeaves
Scale or awl-shapedPressed to branchFoliage displayed around branch
309
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide17309
ConesFleshy scales pressed together
Berry-likeDioecious (male and female plants)
Juniperus
– Junipers
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide18309
FormsSpreading
shrubs
Juniperus
– Junipers
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide19309
FormsUpright pyramidal shrubs
Juniperus
– Junipers
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide20Thuja
– Arborvitae309
LeavesScale-like hugging stem
Foliage in
flattened plate-like
display
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide21309
ConesSmall, berry-like
with thick scalesMonoecious plants (male and female flowers)
Thuja
– Arborvitae
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide22309
FormsUpright pyramidal
Rounded shrubs
Thuja
– Arborvitae
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide23309
Thuja orientalis Oriental Arborvitae
Foliage in vertical plate-like displayThuja occidentalis
American or Eastern Arborvitae
Foliage in
horizontal
plate-like displays
Thuja
– Arborvitae
Cupressaceae
– Cypress family
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide24What questions
do you have about
identifying junipers
and arborvitae
?
Microsoft clipart
Slide25Pinaceae
– Pine family
Needle-like leaves309
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Slide26Pinophyta
– ConifersPinaceae – Pine family
Pinus – Pine
Needles
Sheathed at base in bundles of 2s, 3s, or 5s
309
Slide27Needles
Bundles rounded
310
“Twisted needled”
Seam between needle bunch turns
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Pinus
– Pine
Slide28Needles in 2s
Pinus edulisPinon Pine
Pinus contortaLodgepole PinePinus mugo
Mugo Pine
Pinus nigra
Austrian Pine
Pinus
sylvestris
Scotch Pine
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Pinus
– Pine
Slide29Needles in 2s and 3s
Pinus ponderosaPonderosa Pine
310
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Pinus
– Pine
Slide30Needles in 5s
– White PinesPinus aristataBristlecone Pine
Pinus flexilisLimber PinePinus strobus
Eastern White Pine
Pinus strobiformis
Southwest White Pine
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Pinus
– Pine
310
Slide31Cones
Scales thick and woody with swollen tips
310
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Pinus
– Pine
Slide32Needles
SingleFlat in cross-section
Flexible, softLeaf scar ovalBud tips pointed
309
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
– Douglas-Fir
Slide33Cones
3-pronged tongue-like bract
309
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
– Douglas-Fir
Slide34Pinophyta
– ConifersPinaceae
– Pine familyAbies – Fir
Needles
Single
Flat
in cross-section
Flexible
Leaf scar round
Bud tips roundish
309
Slide35Cones
Grow upright on branchUsually disintegrating before falling
309
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Abies
– Fir
Slide36Pinophyta
– ConifersPinaceae
– Pine familyPicea – Spruce
Needles
Single
Square
in cross-section
Stiff
Older twigs studded with persistent stumps of fallen needles
309
Slide37Cones
Papery scales
309
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Picea
– Spruce
Slide38Needles
ShortTufts of ten or more
May be deciduous
309
Pinophyta
– Conifers
Pinaceae
– Pine family
Larix
– Larch
Slide39What questions
do you have about
identifying the
pine family
?
Microsoft clipart
Slide40Taxaceae
– Yew family310
Pinophyta – Conifers
Slide41Pinophyta
– ConifersTaxaceae – Yew family
Taxus – Yew
310
Leaves
Flat, linear-shaped in feather-like display
Leathery, deep green on top, lighter on bottom
Slide42Pinophyta
– ConifersTaxaceae – Yew family
Taxus – Yew
310
Cones
Red, berry-like
Generally
dioecious
(male and female plants)
Slide43Pinophyta
– ConifersTaxaceae – Yew family
Taxus – Yew
310
Forms – small shrubs
Upright
Spreading
Slide44What questions
do you have about
identifying yews
?
Microsoft clipart
Slide45Key to Conifers
Leaves scale-like or awl-likeLeaves needle-like
Leaves flat, linear-shapedin a feather-like display
309
Slide46Key to Conifers
Leaves scale-like or awl-likeLeaves needle-likeLeaves flat, linear-shaped
in a feather-like display
309
Slide47Key to Conifers
B. Leaves needle-like1. Needles single2. Needles sheathed at the base in bundles of 2-5
3. Short needles in tufts of ten or more
309
Slide48Key to Conifers
B. Leaves needle-like1. Needles single
2. Needles sheathed at the base in bundles of 2-53. Short needles in tufts of ten or more
309
Slide49Key to Conifers
B. Leaves needle-like2. Needles sheathed at the base in bundles of 2-5Pinus
(Pine)
309
Slide50Key to Pinus (Pines)
1. Two needles per bundle2. Two and three needles per bundle3. Five needles per bundle
310
Slide51Key to Pinus (Pines)
1. Two needles per bundle2. Two and three needles per bundle3. Five needles per bundle
310
Slide52Key to Pinus (Pines)
1. Two needles per bundle2. Two and three needles per bundle
3. Five needles per bundle
310
Slide53Key to Pinus (Pines)
1. Two needles per bundlea) Needles ½” to 1 ¾” long, curved, medium green with white lines…
b) Needles 1-2” long, finely toothed, slightly twisted, curved, dark green, more shrub-likec) Needles 1-3” long, yellowish-green, slightly twisted…d) Needles 1 ½” to 3” long, twisted…
e) Needles 3-6” long, stiff, dark
green dense on the branch…
1-2”
310
Slide54Key to Pinus (Pines)
1. Two needles per bundlea) Needles ½” to 1 ¾” long, curved, medium green with white lines…
b) Needles 1-2” long, finely toothed, slightly twisted, curved, dark green, more shrub-likec) Needles 1-3” long, yellowish-green, slightly twisted…d) Needles 1 ½” to 3” long, twisted…
e) Needles 3-6” long, stiff, dark
green dense on the branch…
1-2”
310
Slide55Key to Pinus (Pines)
1. Two needles per bundleb) Needles 1-2” long, finely toothed, slightly twisted, curved, dark green… more shrub-like
Pinus mugo (Mugo Pine)
1-2”
310
Slide56What questions
do you have about
using the keys
?
Microsoft clipart
Slide57Working with a key
Key+ Few characteristics+ Word phrases
+ SubjectiveEasily mis-identified
Pines are tricky
Slide58Working with a key
Key+ Few characteristics+ Word phrases
+ SubjectiveEasily mis-identified
Final step
Compare full plant description
Slide59Microsoft clipart
Lab Activity
CMG GardenNotes #154
Worksheet:
Identifying Conifers
Slide60Identifying Broadleaf Flowering Trees and Shrubs
Slide61Leaf arrangement
, a tool for plant IDOn stem
311
Slide62Leaf arrangement
, a tool for plant ID
Leaflets311
Slide63Leaf arrangement
, a tool for plant ID
Leaflets
Leaf or Leaflet?
A bud is found at the base of a leaf, but not a leaflet.
Slide64Leaf venation
, a tool for plant ID
Pinnately veined
Palmately veined
312
Slide65Leaf shape
,a tool for plant ID
Overall shape
312
Slide66Leaf shape
, a tool for plant IDTip shape
313
Slide67Leaf shape
, a tool for plant IDBase shape
Slide68Leaf shape
, a tool for plant IDMargin shape
Slide69Leaf surface texture
, a tool for plant IDCiliate or fringed – hairs along the leaf edgeGlandular – gland bearing hairs
Scabrous – very short hairs
312
Slide70Bud
typea tool forplant ID
314
Slide71Leaf scar
and bundle scars, tools for plant ID
314
Slide72Stem surface texture
, a tool for plant IDGlabrous – smoothGlaucous –bloom or whitish covering, often waxy
Hirsute – coarse, stiff hairs, rough enough to break the skin
314
Slide73Stem surface texture
, a tool for plant IDPubescent – hairyTomentose – short, matted or tangles, soft wooly hairs
314
Slide74Stem pith
a tool for plant ID315
Slide75Simple
fruit typesDry fruits: dehiscent
(splitting open at maturity)
Capsule
Follicle
Legume (Pod)
315
Slide76Simple
fruit typesDry fruits: indehiscent
(not splitting open at maturity)
Samara
– Seed with membranous wings
315
Slide77Simple
fruit typesDry fruits: indehiscent
(not splitting open at maturity)
Achene
Nut
Nutlet
316
Slide78Simple
fruit typesFleshy fruits
Berry
Drupe
Pome
316
Slide79Aggregate
fruit typesSingle flower contains many pistils, massing multiple fruit on one receptacle.
Liriodendron (Tuliptree) – aggregate of samarasMaclura
(Osage-Orange) – aggregate of drupes
Magnolia
– aggregate of follicles
Rubus
(Raspberry) – aggregate of drupes
316
Slide80Multiple
fruitsSeveral flowers more or less united into one mass
Morus – Mulberry Pineapple
316
Slide81What questions
do you have about
characteristics of broadleaf flowering trees and shrubs
?
Microsoft clipart
Slide82iClicker question
Which is the type of
leaf arrangement on stem
?
a. Alternate
b. Opposite
c. Whorled
d. Rosette
Slide83iClicker question
Which is the type of
leaf arrangement on stem
?
a. Alternate
b. Opposite
c. Whorled
d. Rosette
Slide84Participation question
Which is the type of
leaf arrangement on stem
?
1. Alternate
2. Opposite
3. Whorled
4. Rosette
Slide85Participation question
Which is the type of
leaf arrangement on stem
?
1. Alternate
2. Opposite
3. Whorled
4. Rosette
Slide86iClicker question
What is the type of
leaf arrangement on the stem
?
a. Alternate
b. Opposite
c. Whorled
Slide87iClicker question
What is the type of
leaf arrangement on the stem
?
a. Alternate
b. Opposite
c. Whorled
Slide88Participation question
What is the type of
leaf arrangement on the stem
?
1. Alternate
2. Opposite
3. Whorled
Slide89Participation question
What is the type of
leaf arrangement on the stem
?
1. Alternate
2. Opposite
3. Whorled
Slide90iClicker question
What is the type of
leaflet arrangement on the petiole
?
a. Simple
b. Pinnately compound
c. Palmately compound
d. Doubly compound
Slide91iClicker question
What is the type of
leaflet arrangement on the petiole
?
a. Simple
b. Pinnately compound
c. Palmately compound
d. Doubly compound
Slide92Participation question
What is the type of
leaflet arrangement on the petiole
?
1. Simple
2. Pinnately compound
3. Palmately compound
4. Doubly compound
Slide93Participation question
What is the type of
leaflet arrangement on the petiole
?
1. Simple
2. Pinnately compound
3. Palmately compound
4. Doubly compound
Slide94Online Tree Identification Keys
Key to Identifying Common Colorado Landscape TreesColorado Master Gardener Programhttp://www.cmg.colostate.edu/TreeID/156.html
Slide95Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves oppositeB. Leave alternate
Slide96Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves oppositeB. Leave alternate
Slide97Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves opposite1. Leaves simple2. Leaves compound
Slide98Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves opposite1. Leaves simple2. Leaves compound
Slide99A. Leaves opposite
1. Leaves simplea) Leaves lobedb) Leaves unlobed
Key to broadleaf trees
Slide100A. Leaves opposite
1. Leaves simplea) Leaves lobedb) Leaves unlobed
Key to broadleaf trees
Slide101Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves opposite1. Leaves simplea) Leaves lobed
1) Leafstalk has milky sap – Acer platanoides (Norway Maple)2) No milky sap
Milky sap in fresh leafstalk
Slide102Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves opposite1. Leaves simplea) Leaves lobed
1) Leafstalk has milky sap – Acer platanoides (Norway Maple)2) No milky sap
Milky sap in fresh leafstalk
Slide103Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves opposite1. Leaves simplea) Leaves lobed1) Leafstalk has milky sap –
Acer platanoides (Norway Maple)
Slide104Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves oppositeB. Leave alternate
Slide105Key to broadleaf trees
A. Leaves oppositeB. Leave alternate
Slide106Key to broadleaf trees
B. Leave alternate1. Leaves simple2. Leaves compound
Slide107Key to broadleaf trees
B. Leave alternate1. Leaves simple2. Leaves compound
Slide108Key to broadleaf trees
B. Leave alternate2. Leaves compounda) Three leaflets – Ptelea trifoliata (Hop Tree)
b) More than three leaflets
Slide109Key to broadleaf trees
B. Leave alternate2. Leaves compounda) Three leaflets – Ptelea trifoliata
(Hop Tree)
Slide110Working with a key
Key+ Few characteristics+ Word phrases
+ SubjectiveEasily mis-identified
Slide111Working with a key
Key+ Few characteristics+ Word phrases
+ SubjectiveEasily mis-identified
Final step
Compare full plant description
Slide112Lab Activity
CMG GardenNotes #155
Worksheet:
Identifying Broadleaf Flowering Trees and Shrubs
Microsoft clipart