US Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Servic - PDF document

1 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau o
U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Denver, Colorado July 2008 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Technical Service Center Water and Environmental Resources Division Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group Denver, Colorado July 2008 El Vado Reservoir 2007 Sedimentation Survey Ronald L. Ferrari ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Bureau of Reclamation's (Reclamation) Sedimentation and River Hydraulics (Sedimentation) Group of the Technical Service Center (TSC) prepared and published this report. Ronald Ferrari of the Sedimentation Group and Sharon Nuanes of the Water Resources Planning and Operations Support Group of the TSC conducted the bathymetry survey of the reservoir in June of 2007. Anthony Vigil of Reclamation’s Albuquerque Area Office of the Upper Colorado Region was the study coordinator with additional field support provided by Chama Field Division p

2 ersonnel. Ron Ferrari completed the dat
ersonnel. Ron Ferrari completed the data processing to generate the new reservoir topography and resulting area-capacity tables. Kent Collins of the Sedimentation Group performed the technical peer review of this documentation. Mission Statements The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and commitments to island communities. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, urces in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. of Reclamation’s Sedimentation and www.usbr.gov/pmts/sediment/ No warranty is expressed or implied regarding the usefulness or completeness of the information contained in this reportnot imply endorsement by the Bureau of Reclamation and may not be used for advertising or promotional purposes. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is es

3 timated to average 1 hour per response,
timated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From – To) 5a. CONTR

4 ACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 4. TITLE A
ACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Bureau of Reclamation, Technica8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Bureau of Reclamation, Denver 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Reclamation surveyed El Vado Reservoir in June 2007 to develop updated reservoir topography and compute the present storage-elevation relationship (area-capacity tables). The underwater survey, conducted near water surface elevation 6,900 (project datum in feet), used sonic depth recording equipment interfaced with a real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) that provided continuous sounding positions throu

5 ghout the underwater portion of the rese
ghout the underwater portion of the reservoir covered by the survey vessel. Digitized reservoir contours from the U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle (USGS quad) maps were used to compute the reservoir areas and resulting capacities from elevation 6,902.0 through 6,912.0. As of June 2007, at elevation 6,902.0, the surface area was 3,232 acres with a total capacity of 190,820 acre-feet. Since the January 1935 dam closure, about 7,382 acre-feet of change has occurred below elevation 6,902.0 due to sediment deposition, resulting in a 3.7 percent loss in reservoir volume. Unknowns in the detail and accuracy of the previous surveys introduce uncertainty to the sediment computation values. The 2007 study used the contour method for collection and analysis resulting ia larger computed reservoir volume than the 1984 study that used the range line method for collection and analysis. 15. SUBJECT TERMS reservoir area and capacity/ s

6 edimepositioning system/ sounders/ conto
edimepositioning system/ sounders/ contour area/ RTK GPS/ multibeam/ 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT a. THIS PAGE 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Introduction....... Summary and Conclusions...............................................................................................................3 Control Survey Data Information..................................................................................................... Reservoir Operations........................................................................................................................ Hydrographic Survey Equipment and Method................................................................................. Reservoir Area and Capacity...................................

7 ........................................
....................................................................... Topography Development....................................................................................................... Lateral Distribution................................................................................................................. Development of the 2007 El Vado Reservoir Surface Areas.................................................. 2007 Storage Capacity............................................................................................................ 2007 Reservoir Sediment Analyses................................................................................................ References....... Figure 1 - Reclamation reservoirs located in New Mexico.............................................................. Figure 2 - Temporary Point set near reservoir, June 2007..................................................

8 .............. Figure 3 - Survey Vessel
.............. Figure 3 - Survey Vessel with Mounted Instrumentation on El Vado Reservoir, New Mexico....... Figure 4 - Multibeam Collection System........................................................................................ Figure 5 – El Vado Reservoir 2007 survey data points.................................................................. Figure 6 - El Vado Reservoir Contour Map, 1 of 2........................................................................ Figure 7 - El Vado Reservoir Contour Map, 2 of 2........................................................................ Figure 8 - El Vado Reservoir Sedimentation Ranges Developed in 1984...................................... Figure 9 - Range Line 1, Rio Chama.............................................................................................. Figure 10 - Range Line 2, Rio Chama..................................................................

9 .......................... Figure 11 - R
.......................... Figure 11 - Range Line 3, Rio Chama............................................................................................ Figure 12 - Range Line 4, Rio Chama............................................................................................ Figure 13 - Range Line 6, Rio Chama and Boulder Creek............................................................. Figure 14 - Range Line 7, Rio Chama and Boulder Creek............................................................. Figure 15 - Range Line 8, Rio Chama and Boulder Creek............................................................. Figure 16 - Range Line 10, Rio Chama.......................................................................................... Figure 17 - Range Line 11, Rio Chama.......................................................................................... Figure 18 - Range Line 14, Rio Chama.....................

10 ........................................
..................................................................... Figure 19 - Range Line 15, Rio Chama.......................................................................................... Figure 20 - Range Line 16, Rio Chama.......................................................................................... Figure 21 - Range line 20, Rio Chama........................................................................................... Figure 22 - Range line 22, Rio Chama........................................................................................... Figure 23 - Range Line 5, Boulder Creek...................................................................................... Figure 24 - Range Line 9, Boulder Creek...................................................................................... Figure 25 - Range Line 12, Boulder Creek...................................................................

11 ................. Figure 26 - Range Line
................. Figure 26 - Range Line 13, Boulder Creek.................................................................................... Figure 27 - Range line 17, Boulder Creek...................................................................................... Figure 28 - Range line 18, Boulder Creek...................................................................................... Figure 29 - Range line 19, Boulder Creek...................................................................................... Figure 30 – El Vado Reservoir Area and Capacity Plots Table 1 - Reservoir Sediment Data Summary (page 1 of 2).Table 2 - Summary of 2007 Survey Results. a in New Mexico, is about 10 miles southwest of the town of Tierra Amarilla, 78 miles northwest of Santa Fe, and 28 miles south of the Colorado-New Mexico state line (Figure 1). El Vado Dam, designated a New Mexico Civil Engineering Landmark, was built

12 by the Middle Reclamation in 1954-55.
by the Middle Reclamation in 1954-55. Reclamation installed new outlet works in 1965-66 to accommodate additional water for the San Juan-Chama Project that is diverted through Heron Reservoir, located upstream. The reservoir’s primary purpose is to provide storage for supplemental irrigatiSan Juan-Chama Project water for irrigation, municipal, and industrial use. The wildlife benefits. Figure 1 - Reclamation reservoirs located in New Mexico (Reclamation, 2008). 1 The dam, constructed between 1933 and membrane. The embankment is compacted gravelfill with a rockfill zone at the downstream toe and a cobblefill zone downstream. The upstream face is covered steel parapet anchored to steel bracing set in concrete on the crest of the dam. The dam’s dimensions, in feet, are: Hydraulic height 156.5 Structural height 230 Crest length 1,326 Crest elevationAn emergency spillway, located about one mile w

13 est of the dam, is an unlined Reclamatio
est of the dam, is an unlined Reclamation in 1965, is located at the west end of the dam in the right abutment. It consists of four 5- by 9-foot high pressure slide gates diterminating in a concrete flip bucket in the right abutment. The discharge te valve that allow small outlet works releases at a capacdiameter welded steel pipe extending from the valve chamber to the powerhouse with a maximum capacity of about 1,000 cfs. El Vado Dam impounds natural drainage water from the Rio Chama and Boulder Reservoir, located upstream on the Rio Chama arm. The total drainage above El Vado Reservoir is 783 square miles bounde The basin can be is 95 square miles (mi); Willow Creek drainage area is controlled by Heron Dam (closure in October 1970) and is 193 mi; Rio Chama drainage area is 492 miand the fourth subbasin is located west of El Vado Reservoir, The definition of such terms as “hydraulic height,” “structural h

14 eight,” etc. may be found in manual
eight,” etc. may be found in manuals such as Reclamation’s Guide for Preparation of Standing Operating Procedures for , or ASCE’s Nomenclature for Hydraulics.Elevations in feet. All elevations based on the origestablished during construction. Add about 7.8 feet to match the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29) and 12.0 feet to match North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). 2 This Reclamation report presents the resuReservoir. The primary objectives of the compute area-capacity relationships estimate storage depletion due to sediment deposition A control survey was conducted using the on-line positioning user service Geodetic Survey (NGS) and allows users to submit GPS data files that are processed with known point data to determine positions relative to the national control network. Initially the GPS base “DAM” that is located on a high point on the right bank near the dam

15 alignment. nearest foot. Coordinates w
alignment. nearest foot. Coordinates were computed The horizontal control for this study was in feet, New Mexico Central state plane coordinates, in the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The vertical 8 and the El Vado Dam project or construction (project) vertical datum. All elevations in this report are referenced to the project vertical datum that isfeet lower than NAVD88. measured by the Reclamation gage at the dam. The bathymetric survey used sonic depth recording equipment interfaced with a RTK GPS for determining sounding locations within the reservoir. The system cand horizontal coordinates as the survey boat navigated along grid lines covering El Vado Reservoir. The positioning system also provided information to allow the boat operator to maintain a course water topography was determined by digitizing contour lines from the USGS quads of the reservoir area. The water surface elevations recorded by Reclama

16 tion’s reservoir gage and confirmed
tion’s reservoir gage and confirmed by RTK GPS measurements during the time of collection were used to convert the sonic depth measurements to reservoir bottom elevations. El Vado Reservoir topographic map is a combination of the adjusted digitized data. A computer graphics program mined contour intervals from the collected reservoir area. produced by a computer program that used measured contour surface areas and a 3 curve-fitting technique to compute area and capacity at prescribed elevation increments (Bureau of Reclamation, 1985). The 2007 survey determined that the 3,517 acres at maximum water surface elevace area of 3,232 acres at normal water surface has an estimated volume change of 7,382 acre-feet below reservoir elevation 6,902.0. This volume volume change calculations as it is difficult to determine what portion is due to sediment deposition and what portion is duemethods. Control Survey Data Informa

17 tion users to submit GPS data files that
tion users to submit GPS data files that ardetermine positions relative to the national control network. Initially, the GPS the right bank near the dam. This pointhe “DAM” point using OPUS and from une 2007 bathymetric survey, Figure 2. coordinate system in feet. The vertical control in feet was tied to NAVD88 and the El Vado Dam project vertical datum. All elevations in this report are m that is 7.8 feet lower than NGVD29 and about 12.0 feet lower than NAVD88. Following is the OPUS solution for NGS control for the 2007 bathymetric survey. NAD83/NAVD88 North 2,035,143.10 North 2,035,077.12 East 1,497,633.14 East 357,387.20 Elevation 7,002.51 Elevation 6,998.41 4 Figure 2 - Temporary Point set near reservoir, June 2007. The point data information was converted from NAD83/NAVD88 using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conversion program CORPSCON. For this location the hydrographic sur

18 vey, RTK GPS water surface measurements,
vey, RTK GPS water surface measurements, in NAVD88, measured the average shift to match the water surface gage readings to be around 11.9 to 12.0 feet, resulting in a 7.8 to 7.9 foot shift between the gage readings and NGVD29. This measured vertical differeNGVD29 and the project vertical datum (Reclamation, 2006). storage for irrigation, municipal water, and reservoir’s primary emental irrigation to the Middle Rio Grande Valley and San Juan-Chama Prrvey determined that the reservoir has a total storage capacity of 213,090 acre-feet with a surface area of 3,517 acres at maximum water surface elevation 6,908.6. The computations above elevation 6,902.0 were accomplished from the digitized above water contours from the 5 USGS quads around the reservoir area. The 2007 survey measured a minimum lake bottom elevation of 6,766. The follocapacity table: 22,270 acre-feet of surcharge pool storage between elevation 6,992.0

19 and 6,908.6 190,396 acre-feet of mult
and 6,908.6 190,396 acre-feet of multiple use pool storage between elevation 6,775.0 and 6,902.0 424 acre-feet of dead pool storage below elevation 6,775.0. The computed annual inflow and reservoiinflow values were computed by the Upper Colorado Region for the 1984 analysis show the annual fluctuation with a computed average annual inflow ofresource records list the maximum rThe hydrographic survey equipment was mountaluminum vessel equipped with twin in-board motors (Figure 3). The hydrographic system included a GPS receivmultibeam depth sounders, helmsman display for navigation, computer, and hydrographic system software for collectiat equipment. The shore equipment included a second GPS receiver with an exantenna were mounted on a survey trbattery provided the power for the shore unit. The Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group uses RTK GPS with the major benefit being precise heights measured in real time

20 to monitor water surface from a RTK rec
to monitor water surface from a RTK receiver are precise 3-D coordinates in latitude, longitude, and height with accuracies on the order of 2 centimeters horizontally and 3 centimeters vedatum of WGS-84 that the hydrographic coral zone in NAD83. The RTK GPS system employs two receivers that track the same satellites simultaneously, just like with differential GPS. 6 Figure 3 - Survey Vessel with Mounted Instrumentation on El Vado Reservoir, New Mexico. The El Vado Reservoir bathymetric survdatum). The bathymetric survey was equipment, interfaced with a RTK GPS, capable of determining sounding voir for the single beam collection. The survey system survey boat moved along closely-spaced grid lines covering the reservoir area. Most transects (grid lines) were run somewhat parallel to the upstream-downstream alignment of the reservoir vessel's guidance system gave directionsmaintaining the course along these predetermin

21 ed lines. Data was collected along the
ed lines. Data was collected along the shore by the survey vessel for the majothe depth and position data were recorded on the laptop computer hard drive for The single beam depth sounder for the 2007 underwater data was calibrated by t with beads marking known depths. The collected data were digitally transmitted to the computer collection system through a RS-232 port. The single beam hard-copy chart of the measured depthsdifference from the computer recorded bottom depths, the co 7 were modified. The water surface elevations at the dam, recorded by a Reclamation gage, were used to convert the sonic depth measurements to true lake-bottom elevations. In 2001, the Sedimentation Group began utilizing an integrated multibeam hydrographic survey system. The system cportion of the boat. From the single transducer a fan array of narrow beams generates a detailed cross section of bottom geometry as the survey vessel passe

22 s over the areas mapped. The system tra
s over the areas mapped. The system transmits 80 separate 1-1/2 degree slant beams reThe 200 kHz high-resolution multibeam echosounder system measures the t 3.5 times as wide as the Figure 4 - Multibeam Collection System. The multibeam system is composed of several instruments all in constant notebook computer. The components motion reference unit to measure the ssel; a gyro to measure the yaw or vessel attitude; and a velocity meter to measurprofile of the reservoir water. The multibeam sounder was calibrated by lowering an instrument that measured the sound velocity through the reservoir water column. The individual depth soundings the measurements which can vary with density, salinity, temperature, turbidity, and other conditions. With proper cautilizes all the incoming information to provide an accurate, detailed x,y,z data set of the lake bottom. 8 Due to weather and time issues, the multibeam system was utili

23 zed on El Vado The multibeam surveyed ar
zed on El Vado The multibeam surveyed areas mainly included the main channel from the dam upstream to the Rio Chama River, a few of The collection concentrated on the deeper portions of the reservoir to provide more detailed mapping than what was provided by the single beam coverage. Figure 5 showmultibeam and single beam collection systems along with the location of the sediment range lines. The multibeam soundings, combined with the single beam soundings created a this study. The multibeam survey system software continuously recorded tes as the survey vessel moved along Most transects (grid lines) were run parallel to the reservoir alignment with the multibeam swaths de full bottom coverage of the areas surveyed. The multibeam system could have provided more detailed bottom of the reservoir to be surveyed by this method. Even though the multibeam data provided more detail of the reservoir bottom versus the single beam d

24 ata set, a comparison of the surface are
ata set, a comparison of the surface area and volume computation results in common areas significant between the two methods. ocessed using the hydrographic system measurements such as vessel location and reservoir water column and converting all the measured water surface elevation at the time of collection. To make it more manageable, the massive amount of multibeam data was filtered into 5-foot cells or grids of the reservoir area surveyed by the multibeam system. The multibeam e single beam data to prfor El Vado Reservoir map development.Reservoir Survey and Data 9 10 11 Figure 5 - El Vado Reservoir 2007 survey data points. 12 Reservoir Area and Capacity Topography Development s developed from 2007 bathymetric m the USGS quad maps. The USGS quad nd 6,920 were developed from aerial represent elevations in NGVD29 and 6,902 clip was slightly adjusted to ensurewithin the polygon. The modified elevation 6,

25 902 contour was assigned a more develope
902 contour was assigned a more developed contours, allowing contour mapping within the reservoir area outlined ing the triangular lopment to prevent interpolthe closest data available to represent the measured water surface during the 2007 tion 6,902.0 were developed from the TIN set of adjacent non-overlapping triangles computed from irregularly spaced points with x,y coordinates and z values. A software uses a method known as Delaunay's criteria for triangulation where triangles are formed among the polygon clip. The method other point, meaning that all the dataneighbors to form triangles. This method prThe TIN method is described in moredocumentation, (ESRI, 2007). The linear interpolation option of the ARCGIS TIN and CONTOUR commands areas of the enclosed contour polygons at one-foot increments were computed from for elevations 6,766.0 through 6,902.0. The surface area of the modified percent different from the surfa

26 ce area used for the 1984 study at the s
ce area used for the 1984 study at the same elevation. Since the digitized surface area nd because there were no visual signs of change of this contour due to a sediment delta, it was decided to assume no change and use the 1984 surface area for this study. For computing the capacity above elevation 6,902, the measured surfdirectly from the TIN using all the were smoothed using the smooth line option within ARCMAP. The smoothing computated directly from the TIN using all the data dimentation range lines were developed presentation of the lateral sediment maps. The range line locations were visually determined from the reservoir sedimentation range system maps developed for the 1984 study, drawing number and 1984 sedimentation range plots presented in an April, 1987 memorandum (Reclamation, 1987). It appears the alignment. The point density of each sight into changes in lateral sediment distribution over time. Range L

27 ine22 (located on the Rio Chama reach of
ine22 (located on the Rio Chama reach of the reservoir) indicatediment deposition. Range lines 6, 7, and 8 also extended into the Boulder Creek reach of the reservoir. The survey of r reach of the Chama area, showed an evious measured sediment deposits. The ments in these uppeter releases from Lake 19 are located on Boulder Creek arm of the reservoir and show a similar pattern to the Rio Chama arm, little to no change. Range lines 12 and 18 measured the time period between surveys. Overall the sediment range line plots illustrate why the 2007 computed surface areas and resulting capacity are similar to the measured a slight increase in capacity, likely due to the greater detail compared to e line survey and a mathematical method to compute changes in the su 15 Figure 6 - El Vado Reservoir Contour Map, 1 of 2. 16 17 Figure 7 - El Vado Reservoir Contour Map, 2 of 2. 18 19 Figure 8 - El Vado Reservoir Se

28 dimentation Ranges Developed in 1984.
dimentation Ranges Developed in 1984. 20 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 14008001,0001,2001,4001,600Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 9 - Range Line 1, Rio Chama. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 202505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,250Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 10 - Range Line 2, Rio Chama. 21 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 36,7506,7756,8006,8256,8506,8756,9006,92502505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,7504,000Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 11 - Range Line 3, Rio Chama. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 4300600Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 12 - Range Line 4, Rio Chama. 22 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 66,7506,7756,8006,8256,8506,8756,9006,92505001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0005,500Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 13 - Range Line 6, Rio Chama and Boul

29 der Creek. El Vado Reservoir - Range Li
der Creek. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 705001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0005,500Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 14 - Range Line 7, Rio Chama and Boulder Creek. 23 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 805001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 15 - Range Line 8, Rio Chama and Boulder Creek. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 106,7506,7756,8006,8256,8506,8756,9006,9255001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 16 - Range Line 10, Rio Chama. 24 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 1102505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,750Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 17 - Range Line 11, Rio Chama. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 1402505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,250Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 18 - Range Line 14, Rio Chama. 25

30 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 156,8
El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 156,8406,8506,8606,8706,8806,8906,9006,9106,92001002003004005006007008009001,000Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 19 - Range Line 15, Rio Chama. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 166,8006,8206,8406,8606,8806,9006,92002505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,250Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 20 - Range Line 16, Rio Chama. 26 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 2001002003004005006007008009001,0001,1001,2001,3001,4001,5001,600Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 21 - Range line 20, Rio Chama. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 220255075100125150175200225250275300325350Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 22 - Range line 22, Rio Chama. 27 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 502004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 23 - Range Line 5, Boulder Creek. El Vado Reservoir - Ra

31 nge Line 96,8206,8306,8406,8506,8606,870
nge Line 96,8206,8306,8406,8506,8606,8706,8806,8906,9006,9106,92002505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,500Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 24 - Range Line 9, Boulder Creek. 28 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 1202505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,500Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 25 - Range Line 12, Boulder Creek. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 1301002003004005006007008009001,0001,1001,2001,300Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 Figure 26 - Range Line 13, Boulder Creek. 29 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 172004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,800Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 27 - Range line 17, Boulder Creek. El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 1802505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,750Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 28 - Range line 18, Boulder Creek. 30 El Vado Reservoir - Range Line 19025

32 05007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5
05007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,250Distance - FeetElevation - Feet 1944 1984 2007Figure 29 - Range line 19, Boulder Creek. 31 32 The 2007 surface areas for El Vado Reservoir were computed at 1-foot increments directly from the resethe hardclip polygon created from the contour. Surface area calculations wethat compute areas at user-specified elevations directly from the TIN. For the purpose of this study, the measured survey areas at 2- and 5-foot increments from in computing the new area and capacity tables. The 1984 surface area at elevation 6,902.0 was used since it and plots show interesting results from actually showed a slight increase in surface area at elevation 6,902.0 while the other survey results showed a similar surface area at the same elevation. There was limited literature available on the past surveys, but several located notes mentioned uncertainty in the results from p

33 revious surveys. The original surface a
revious surveys. The original surface areas were measured from developed contace areas were computed using the range width ratio method that is explained in more deSedimentation Groups Erosion and Sedimentation Manual (Ferrari and Collins, quad contours developed from 1970 aerial computed surface area less than one percent different from the 1944 and 1984 results. For this study the 1984 surface area at elevation 6,902.0 was used. It was assumed the 1984 study measured the reservoir surface areas between ranges as Figure 8. For computing reservoir data above elevation 6,902.0, the measured surface area of the digitized USGS datum) was used. This resulted in a 2007 computed volume of 22,270 acre-feet wid volume of 23,078 acre-feet within this same zone (Reclamation, 2006). 33 34 2.3.STATENew Mexico4.Tierra Amarilla6.COUNTY°35' #"°44'00"8.9.SPILLWAY CREST EL 1 11 . 12 . GROSS STORAGE1 5 CAPACITY, AC-FT 2 b.c.d.1

34 6 LENGTH OF RESERVOIR 3 TOTAL DRAINAGE
6 LENGTH OF RESERVOIR 3 TOTAL DRAINAGE AREA 4 22.NET SEDIMENT CONTRIBUTING AREA 4 23.MEAN ANNUAL RUNOFF20.LENGTHMILESAVG. WIDTHMILES24.MEAN ANNUAL INFLOW 5 °F° F 26.DATE OF 27.28.29.30. / 2 26.DATE OF 35. 6 26.DATE OF 37 . 26.DATE OF 39 . AVG. DRY WT.40.SED. DEP. TONS/MI. 2 -YR41.STORAGE LOSS, PCT. 2 SEDIMENT (#/FTb.TOTALb.TOTAL TO INFLOW, PPMTO DATEDATEa. PER.b.TOT.6879.0ACRE-FEETBEGAN8 to 30221,28001/19353,232ANNUAL TEMP, MEANCAPACITY186,2523,230196,500198,20232.ACRE - FEET-20DATE NORMALRio ArribaORIGINAL DATESTORAGE6914.514.BEGAN3,380 DATA SHEET NO.RESERVOIR SEDIMENTDATA SUMMARYEl Vado Reservoir NAME OF RESERVOIRSURVEY26.44.REACH DESIGNATION PERCENT OF TOTAL ORIGINAL LENGTH OF RESERVOIR287,731PERIOD WATER INFLOW, ACRE-FEETMEAN ANN.WATER INFLOW TO DATE, AFPERIOD CAPACITY LOSS, ACRE-FEETTOTAL6/19848 to 301944 AREA, AC.1/1935PER.YRSPER.SURVEYTOTAL6/2007MAX. ANN.544,130b.0.660.650.680.69OPERATIONS1084,61949.5197,533MAX. EL

35 EVATIONSQUARE MILESMIN. ELEVATIONINCHESI
EVATIONSQUARE MILESMIN. ELEVATIONINCHESINCHES287,731TOP OF POOLFLOOD CONTROL6,908.6SURCHARGE12,000+ 6,775.0IINACTIVEDEADMEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION602AVG. WIDTH OF RESERVOIR3,320JOINT USECONSERVATIONTOP OF DAM ELEVATION193,583ORIGINAL13.23,078SURFACE AREA, AC-FTRio ChamaSTREAM28NTWP.OWNERMiddle Rio Grande Conservation DistrictLONGSECMLATRANGE2EMILES6,902.0198,2024,619ACRE-FEETRATIO AF/AF0.69RANGEAVG. ANN. /MI.-YR.0.401190,820a. c.TOTAL3,2326/19846/200711,9502416/1984DEPTH DESIGNATION RANGE IN FEET BELOW AND ABOVE CREST ELEVATION90-1006/200726.DATEDATE11+23CR+1154-39C-90.05139-2424.9 3.7280-9040-5050-600-1060-7010-2020-3030-40STORAGEALLOCATIONELEVATIONSQUARE MILESMultiple UseMILES6/19846/2007PRECIPITATIONANNUAL34.PERIOD Range (D)Contour (D)Range (D)TYPE OF 23.011/1967Contour (D)NO. OFRANGES OR INTERVALS6741.5YRSSURFACE194411/196799-8484-69114-99287,731TOTAL SEDIMENT DEPOSITS TO DATE, AF13,954,950 /MI.-YR.TOTALMEAN ANN.13,954,950

36 0.4010.169 0.12211,950AVG. ANNUALPERCENT
0.4010.169 0.12211,950AVG. ANNUALPERCENT OF TOTAL SEDIMENT LOCATED WITHIN DEPTH DESIGNATION129-11469-54 NEAREST P.O.2-ft7,382a.PERIOD115- 110-70-80105-PERCENT OF TOTAL SEDIMENT LOCATED WITHIN REACH DESIGNATIONAVG. ANN.6.03 Table 1 - Reservoir Sediment Data Summary (page 1 of 2). 135,887149,6586,890.02,8536,885.02,6556,880.02,493.1123,0176,875.02,296111,044100,0266,870.02,1116,845.01,51737,31431,5986,830.01,2006,840.06,825.0461,10019826,878.56,866.2475,45019836,888.16,876.36,873.06,809.420026,875.46,796.8 20036,892.86,796.82000107,7706,900.26,854.86,900.06,835.2574,6506,877.26,855.819986,900.06,859.36,800.061719766,898.46,852.2272,13019776,877.26,810.06,795.06,8976,785.03866,790.0477.34,3331,0063,2326,775.04246,780.06,902.03,170179,849164,3586,900.06,815.08806,810.078825,6196,825.01,07330,7256,814.36,775.2165,1806,830.01,16936,328CAPACITY6,812.06,775.1199,430197119686,812.06,775.0237,23019696,812.06,775.0321,070197045.RAN

37 GE IN RESERVOIR OPERATION71584.120046,85
GE IN RESERVOIR OPERATION71584.120046,855.07,3106,795.0557114,2022,3696,875.02,9276,870.02,1666,810.01,739AREACAPACITYELEVATION21,7186,860.01,85682,8306,815.090357,5692,2756,800.063110,27320,992186,2522,4229,8106,785.03466,780.01,05173,849102,86817,4371,39950,2761,08216,82820076,765.0 CAPACITYELEVATIONAREA20066,883.06,842.746.ELEVATION - AREA - CAPACITY - DATA FOR6,900.26,842.66,892.86,824.4 6,820.02005199920016,900.06,826.119966,893.36,837.2 19956,897.36,853.9199719926,900.26,868.0 19936,900.26,848.4 19916,898.36,870.119896,898.86,873.4568,58019886,900.06,877.719876,897.46,879.7377,664172,81019846,885.66,877.6461,50019856,896.26,877.819806,864.4544,13019816,896.26,854.8174,5061975424,88019786,813.9300,06019796,896.26,839.0529,33019746,845.819726,775.3162,44019736,896.36,812.4469,2106,835.01,259.942,3996,840.01,37348,9826,845.01,47356,09813,10619866,899.96,897.81990SURVEY 6,770.04,66713,63365,43692,46443,55226,4486,819.119676

38 ,814.76,775.2MIN. ELEV.INFLOW, AF6,758.6
,814.76,775.2MIN. ELEV.INFLOW, AF6,758.6230,790172,900MIN. ELEV.INFLOW, AFYEARMAX. ELEV.For weighted contributing area of 736.6 sq. miles.2007 surface area and capacity values above elevation 6,902.0 computed using USGS quad contour results.Data for calendar year with elevation being end-of month occurrence. Inflows are cumulative sums of computed inflows using a reservoir budget method.2007 detailed contour survey computed a greater volume than 1984 range line survey. Range line comparisons (1984 and 2007) show minimum change between surveys.19666,775.06,790.06,805.06,850.0YEARMAX. ELEV.Bureau of ReclamationJune 2008AGENCY MAKING SURVEYAGENCY SUPPLYING DATADATE48.Bureau of ReclamationREMARKS AND REFERENCESMaximum annual from 1966-84.Loss below elevation 6,902.0. Uncertainty of validity of original and following values. Some studies considered 1944 most accurate.Top of movable spillway gate, el. 6,902.0. All

39 elvations tied to project datum. Add 7.
elvations tied to project datum. Add 7.8 ft to match NGVD29 and 12.0 ft to match NAVD88.Original capacity values adjusted using 1944 survey results. Questions on survey method and related accuracy of the different surveys. 1984 study projected 23,078 AF of capacity between elevation 6902.0 (Top Active Conservation Pool) to elevation 6908.6. 7.1 miles of Rio Chama arm + 4.6 miles of Boulder Creek arm = 11.7 miles.Removes Heron Reservoir drainage basin of 188 sq. miles and 83 sq. miles of non-contributing area. Heron Reservoir clousre in Oct. 1970.Beginning in 1972, inflow includes water released from Heron Reservoir which also stores transbasin diversions.2,0001,6303,0516,835.06,865.06,895.01,2966,820.09856,895.02007 6,805.06,850.06,820.0497701.43,026.61,578.4969.96,812.3ELEVATIONAREACAPACITY6,893.06,858.86,900.06,862.86,877.263,72719946,900.76,867.36,878.31984 480 06,770.06,766.038SURVEY 6,860.06,855.01,6681,79780

40 ,5066,865.01,949.989,87371,8436,880.06,9
,5066,865.01,949.989,87371,8436,880.06,905.02,5633,3612,7443,5176,908.63,136154,0096,890.0126,565200,710139,820213,0906,885.0168,9836,900.0184,4526,902.03,232190,820 Table 1 - Reservoir Sediment Data Summary (page 2 of 2). 37 Area-Capacity Curves for El Vado Reservoir021000420006300084000105000126000147000168000189000210000Capacity (acre-feet)Elevation (feet)6,750.06,770.06,790.06,810.06,830.06,850.06,870.06,890.06,910.07002,1002,8003,150Area (acres) 2007 1984 1967 1944Ca p acit y Figure 30 - El Vado Reservoir Area and Capacity Plots 38 The storage-elevation relationships based on the measured surface areas were mputer program ACAP (Bureau of Reclamation, 1985). The ACAP program can compute the area and capacity at elevation increments from 0.01 to 1.0 foot by linear interpolation between the given contour surface areas. The program begins by testing the initial capacity sure that the equation fits within an allo

41 wable error limit. The error limit The
wable error limit. The error limit The capacity equation is then used over ththe allowable error limit. For the first interval at which the initial allowable error limit is exceeded, a new capacity equation (integrated from basic area curve over that interval) is utilized until it exceeds the error limit. Thus, the capacity curve is defined by a series of curves, each fitting a certain region of data. Through , which are of second order polynomial form, final area equations are derived: where: y = capacity = intercept nd capacity computations are listed in a 0.1 and 1-foot elevation increments (Bureau of Reclamation, 2007). A description of the computations and coefficients output from the ACAP program area-capacity relationships are listed on Table 2. The curves for all surveys except for the original, due to limited data, are plotted on Figure 30. As of June 2007, at conservation use elevation 6,902.0, 39 40

42 1234567891011121314151a16119671984200720
1234567891011121314151a16119671984200720071935Sediment1967Sediment1984 SedimentSediment2007 Original1944194419671967VolumePercent19841984VolumePercent20072007VolumeVolumePercentPercentElevationCapacityAreaCapacityAreaCapacitySince 1944ComputedAreaCapacitySince 1944ComputedAreaCapacitySince 1935Since 1944ComputedReservoirFeet Ac-Ft Acres Ac-Ft Acres Ac-Ft Ac-Ft Sediment Acres Ac-Ft Ac-Ft Sediment Acres Ac-Ft Ac-Ft Ac-Ft Sediment Depth 6,908.63,517.0213,0906,905.0 3,480206,780 3,361.0200,7106,902.0198,2023,230197,5333,380196,5001,033100.03,232186,25211,281100.03,232.0190,8207,3826,713100.0100.06,900.0 3,180191,1543,310189,8101,344130.13,170179,84911,305100.23,135.9184,4526,70299.898.86,895.03,010175,7193,140173,6902,029196.43,027164,35811,361100.73,050.8168,9836,736100.395.76,890.0161,7502,850161,0192,950158,4702,549246.82,853149,65811,361100.72,926.6154,0097,7417,010104.492.66,885.02,660147,1552,760144,2102,945285.12,65513

43 5,88711,26899.92,743.7139,8207,335109.38
5,88711,26899.92,743.7139,8207,335109.389.56,880.0135,0532,490134,2862,580130,8503,436332.62,493123,01711,26999.92,562.8126,5658,4887,721115.086.46,875.02,290122,2852,390118,4303,855373.22,296111,04411,24199.62,369.4114,2028,083120.483.36,870.0112,1942,110111,2532,190107,0004,253411.72,111100,02611,22799.52,166.3102,8689,3268,385124.980.26,865.01,960101,0442,02096,4904,554440.91,95089,87311,17199.02,000.392,4648,580127.877.26,860.092,8081,81091,6491,87086,7704,879472.31,79780,50611,14398.81,856.482,8309,9788,819131.474.16,855.01,70082,8251,76077,6905,135497.11,66871,84310,98297.31,738.773,8498,976133.771.06,850.075,9791,60074,6181,65069,1605,458528.41,57863,72710,89196.51,629.865,43610,5439,182136.867.96,845.01,49066,8861,54061,1805,706552.41,47356,09810,78895.61,517.257,5699,317138.864.86,840.061,1831,39059,6801,43053,7705,910572.11,37348,98210,69894.81,399.250,27610,9079,404140.161.76,835.01,32052,9121,33046,8806,032583.91,

44 26042,39910,51393.21,295.743,5529,360139
26042,39910,51393.21,295.743,5529,360139.458.66,830.046,1831,23046,6031,23040,4806,123592.71,16936,32810,27591.11,200.237,3148,8699,289138.455.66,825.01,13040,7291,14034,5406,189599.11,07330,72510,00488.71,082.231,5989,131136.052.56,820.034,8861,02035,3581,03029,1106,248604.897025,6199,73986.3985.126,4488,4388,910132.749.46,815.093030,45594024,1806,275607.588020,9959,46083.9903.021,7188,737130.246.36,810.025,78885026,00584019,7306,275607.578816,8289,17781.3808.617,4378,3518,568127.643.26,805.077021,90474015,7706,134593.870113,1068,79878.0714.813,6338,271123.240.16,800.017,98771018,19165012,2905,901571.26179,8108,38174.3631.010,2737,7147,918118.037.06,795.063014,8055809,2405,565538.75486,8977,90870.1557.47,3107,495111.634.06,790.011,79357011,7655206,5105,255508.74774,3337,43265.9496.74,6677,1267,098105.730.96,785.05109,0154404,1004,915475.83462,2756,74059.7386.42,4226,59398.227.86,780.06,9244706,5773202,1904,387424.71441,0515,

45 52649.0165.01,0065,9185,57183.024.76,775
52649.0165.01,0065,9185,57183.024.76,775.04004,4721401,0603,412330.34803,99235.492.44244,04860.321.66,770.03,1823002,7651004902,275220.21292,636413,1412,72440.618.56,765.02001,5021301,372132.81,5021,50222.415.46,760.085512069166.969110.312.36,755.021020.32103.19.36,750.0232.2230.36.26,740.000.00.00.01 Reservoir water surface elevation tied to project or construction datum, add 7.8 feet to match NGVD29 and 12.0 feet to match NAVD88.2 Original capacity readjusted based on corrections of original traverse in May 1944.3 1944 reservoir surface area, measured by contour method. 1944 survey data used to adjust original 1935 upper contours, but accuracy is questionable. 4 1944 reported reservoir capacity.5 1967 reservoir surface area.6 1967 reported reservoir capacity.7 1967 computed sediment volume, column (4) - column (6), Since 1944. Due to limited information on original data, 1944 considered original.8 1967 measured sediment i

46 n percentage of total sediment (1,033 AF
n percentage of total sediment (1,033 AF at elevation 6902.0). Maximum measured deposition (6,275 AF) at elevation 6,810.0.9 1984 reservoir surface area.10 1984 reported reservoir capacity.11 1984 computed sediment volume, column (4) - column (10), Since 1944. Due to limited information on original data, 1944 considered original.12 1984 measured sediment in percentage of total sediment (11,281 AF at elevation 6,902.0).13 2007 measured reservoir surface area. 2007 surface areas at elevation 6,902.0 and 6,912.2 developed from USGS quad contours14 2007 reservoir capacity computed using ACAP.15 2007 measured sediment volume, column (2) - column (14), Since 1935 (original survey).15a 2007 measured sediment volume, column (4) - column (14), Since 1944. Due to limited information on original data, 1944 considered original.16 2007 measured sediment in percentage of total sediment (6,713 AF at elevation 6,902.0). Maximum measure

47 d deposition (9,404 AF) at elevation 6,8
d deposition (9,404 AF) at elevation 6,840.0.17 Depth of reservoir expressed in percentage of total depth, 162.0 feet, from water surface 6,902.0. Table 2 - Summary of 2007 Survey Results. 42 2007 Reservoir Analyses Results of the 2007 El Vado Reservoir area and capacity computations are listed in Table 1 and columns 13 and 14 of Table 2. Column 2 in Table 2 lists the were adjusted from the 1944 resurvey results. There was limited information on the original redeveloped from a plane table survey. Columns 3 and 4 list the 1944 survey area comparisons with the 1967, 1984, and 2007 resurveys showing the sediment sediment deposition and methods of values for the 1944, 1967, 1984, and 2007 surveys, illustrating the differences and feet less than the original (1935) volume n 6,902.0. It must be es were generated assuming no surface survey at elevation 6,902.0. Assuming no change at accurate, but any loss due to sedi

48 ment on the USGS quad) was digitized to
ment on the USGS quad) was digitized to compute the surface area and was used to calculate the area and capacity of the This computation method resulted in a smaller surcharge capacity than previous publications, but no information on how the previous capacity was computed could be located. On the Chama arm, the comparison plots measured scour of the previously deposited sediments in the w reservoir drawdown and clean water releases from Heron Reservoir. Questions as to the accuracy of these USGS digitized surface areas can only be answered with a detailed aerial survey of the reservoir area. voir, the original estimated 100 year sediment accumulation for was around 30,100 acre-feet at elevation 6,902.0, an average annual loss of 301 acre-feet. Table 1 list the sediment computation measured an average annual loss of 241 rvey measured a larger reservoir capacity than the 1984 survey, resulting in a much lower computed avera

49 ge annual loss. It is assumed much of t
ge annual loss. It is assumed much of the computed differences are due to the methods along with sediment deposition. 43 During the 2007 analysis limited files and surveys were located. The May 1944 survthe resurvey and adjustments of the topography. This adjustment resulted in corrected original capacities for comparison with thcollected along the newly established sediment ranges and the original capacity the differences used to compute the change of the original surface areas between the range lines, resulting in a computed 1984 reservoir capacity of 186,252 at comparisons between the three surveys. As seen from these plots, Figures 9 the majority of the range lines. A few of the range lines located in the upper Chama reach actually showed a gain in volume due to scouring of the previously deposited sediments. This is the reach were Heron Reservoir is located, which began trapping sediment for a large portithe b

50 asin after dam indicated a small change
asin after dam indicated a small change in 2007 due to sediment deposition since 1984. If the 1984 range line computation method coul slight loss of total resehave been computed between 1984 and 2007. The method utilized in the 1984 computations only analyses the data at each range line and mathematically computes the surface area change between the range line locations. The 2007 study used the contour method were surviled topography of the current reservoir geometry and current reservoir volume. and capacity information for the entire reservoir. Besides obtaining information along the previous established sediment range line alignmenwas covered by the survey vessel. The reservoir information and represents thas of June 2007. To compute the annual sediment inflow values more accurately, a future survey using the contour or similar method should be conducted. comparison plots indicated that little sediment has rvoir are

51 a since 1944 with an even smaller rate o
a since 1944 with an even smaller rate of the sediment basin runoff is noted. An example of such change would be if 44 American Society of Civil Engineers, 1962.Nomenclature for HydraulicsBureau of Reclamation, 1985. Surface Water Branch, ACAP85 User's ManualBureau of Reclamation, 1987(a). Guide for Preparation of Standing Operating , U.S. Government Bureau of Reclamation, 1987(b). Bureau of Reclamation, 1987(c). Memorandum, From Chief, Division of PlaBureau of Reclamation, 2004. Bureau of Reclamation October, 2006. Bureau of Reclamation, June 2007. Bureau of Reclamation, 2008. Project DataHydrographic EM 1110-2-1003, Department of the Army, Washington DC, (www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-manuals/em1110-2-1003/toc.htm). (www.esri.com) Ferrari, R.L. and Collins, K. (2006). Reservoir Survey and Data Analysis, Chapter 9, Erosion and Sedimentation Manual, Bureau of Reclamation, Sedimentation and River Hydrauwww.