ISOLDE at 50 HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOU From pre ISOLDE to ISOLDE some background and personal recollections Torleif Ericson A not so likely event 2 Geneva 17 December2014 The origin of ISOLDE goes back to Niels Bohr in 1952 ID: 790388
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Slide1
1
Geneva 17 December2014
ISOLDE
at 50HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOU
From pre- ISOLDE to ISOLDE : some background and personal recollections
Torleif Ericson
A not so likely event
Slide22
Geneva
17 December2014
The origin of ISOLDE goes back to Niels Bohr in 1952
1952: Niels Bohr persuades Alexis Pappas from Oslo to do
Cern-related radiochemistry at the 180 MeV SC at
Uppsala
1957: the 600 MeV SC starts operations at CERN
A world class high energy machine though not highest in energy
Slide33
Geneva
17 December2014
Nuclear Chemistry at CERN1957:The SC director Gentner asks Pappas to assemble a Nuclear Chemistry Group
1958: Gösta Rudstam becomes its first leader; Pappas becomes a CERN advisor on nuclear chemistry for a decade
Remember: nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry are then closely related fields
General mission of the radio chemistry group (Memorandum 1961):
measurements of fission and spallation cross sections at 600 MeV and 25 GeV to
understand
the mechanism of complex processes and for various practical purposes of
other experiments
.
Slide44
Geneva
17 December2014
1958: The SC puts CERN on particle physics mapThe first important CERN contribution:the confirmation of π- to e
- + neutrino suppression by a factor ten thousand
Maria and Giuseppe Fidecaro with Alec Merrison and Helmut Paul
The
Fidecaros
1963
Slide55
Geneva
17 December2014
SC’s golden years of particle physics 1958-65Many leading physicist preferred SC to the PS which started 1960
The SC was the perfect low energy pion and muon machine
Key discoveries and tests of weak interactions were ripe fruits
Some names on publications
G. Charpak, L. Dick, M. Fidecaro, C. Rubbia (very young), V. Soergel, V. Telegdi, A. Zichichi,
K
. Winter
together with some young theorists
like N. Cabibbo and A. de Rujula
Machine time was vigorously fought for and allocated in hours, not shift
BUT TIME WAS OBVIOUSLY RUNNING OUT !
Slide66
Geneva
17 December2014
The decisive rôle of Viki
WeisskopfDirector general 1961-5; shaped the CERN traditions for decades
One of Weisskopf’s visions
A peril for particle physics: brilliant success and isolation from other science
A remedy: reestablished links to nuclear physics
Slide77
Geneva
17 December2014
An initiative: The 1963 Conference on High Energy Physics and Nuclear StructureA watershed and the birth of intermediate Energy Physics
Topics relevant for the SC Interactions of pions with complex nuclei T. E. O. Ericson
Fragmentation induced by high energy particles N. A. PerfilovMuons and nuclear structure J. C Sens
Complex nuclei as a tool in elementary particle physics
V
. Telegdi
Viki
Weisskopf closed the meeting with a call for proposals in nuclear physics at CERN.
Slide88
Geneva
17 December2014
In parallel to ISOLDE a lively program using mainly low energy and stopped muons and pions in nuclear physics developed rapidly at the SC as a consequence of Weisskopf’s invitation .In particular, the mesonic X-ray programs developed by Gerhard Backenstoss and Hans Sens skillfully exploited their non-commercial access to big GeLi detectors, gaining 2 orders of magnitude in resolution .
They mostly were ahead of the US competition mainly from Mme Wu and James Rainwater at Columbia, but also from the Chicago group.
This however, is not real part of the background to ISOLDE.
Slide99
Geneva
17 December2014
First trace of the on-line separator project:Internal memorandum by G. Andersson and G. Rudstam November 19th 1963
After the Conference and Weisskopf’s call for proposals
A meeting of Weisskopf, Pappas, Rudstam and TE February 1964about possibilities mentions radio-isotopes at the SC by special techniquesfor short half-lives, Q-values and spectroscopy without any details.
A huge difference with experimental proposals:
i
t concerns a facility and resources well beyond those of the Nuclear Chemistry Group
October 26
th
1964 I recommend as an ‘expert’ the proposal
to the Nuclear Physics Experiments Committee which encourages a final version
A polished version is approved on December 17
th
1964
A meeting on April 10
th
organized by the Nuclear Chemistry discusses enthusiastically
Scientific aims and organization.
Slide1010
Geneva
17 December2014
Peter Preiswerk Nuclear Physics Division Leader 1964Who were the crucial people who made it possible besides the initiators?
Most likely
Wolfgang Gentner, Peter Preiswerk and Alexis Pappas
They had all important nuclear physics links in their career via the Joliot-Curie group in Paris
Viki
Weisskopf
played
an important
role as a major support strongly positive to the field.
Wolfgang Gentner
Chairman of the CERN Scientific Policy Committee
Slide1111
Geneva
17 December2014
The ISOLDE program is no longer fragile and exposed to timely coincidences. It
is an integral part of CERN and will presumably last as long as CERN exists. GOOD LUCK ISOLDE FOR MANY FRUITFUL YEARS TO COME!
Who would have guessed my wish to-day in 1964!