and Lay Workers Training for Lay Workers Lay Preachers Adult Leaders and Helpers working with children Church Council members Learning Outcomes Definitions and indicators of child abuse and neglect ID: 1032310
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1. MODULE 2Training for Lay Preachersand Lay WorkersTraining for:Lay WorkersLay PreachersAdult Leaders and Helpers working with childrenChurch Council members
2. Learning OutcomesDefinitions and indicators of child abuse and neglectResponding to and reporting abuse and neglect, andRecognising and interrupting boundary violations
3. Caution:Sensitive TopicSome information may be:UnsettlingChallengingConfrontingDistressing Please:Recognise your own story, andBe safe and seek support when you need it.
4. Recap of Safe Ministry with Children:Training for Lay Preachers and Lay Workers Module OneIn Module One, you learnt about:What safe Ministry with Children isWere introduced to the concept of ‘Shared Guardianship’Learnt about maintaining boundaries and what to do if someone is violating boundaries
5. ABUSE = actionHARM = impactPHYSICALe.g. hitting, punchingEMOTIONALe.g. rejection, hostility, witnessing violenceSEXUALe.g. penetration, sexual exploitation, exposure to pornographyNEGLECTe.g. failure to attend to medical needs, poor nutrition/hygiene, inadequate supervisionPHYSICALe.g. bruising, fractures, injuriesEMOTIONAL e.g. depression, poor self-esteem, self harm, anxietyPSYCHOLOGICAL e.g. developmental delaysDisorganised attachment, neurological changes
6. Types of child abusePhysical abuseEmotional / psychological abuseNeglectSexual abuse / exploitation (includes grooming)Spiritual abuseExposure to domestic and family violence
7. Spiritual Abuse“… a person misuses their power, leadership or influence to control, coerce or manipulate a child for seemingly religious purposes. It includes intentional and unwitting abuse in both formal and casual situations. Spiritual abuse includes enticements, threats of rejection, evoking fear, emotional appeals, accusations of demon possession and involving children in spiritual activity against their will.” (Scripture Union, New Zealand, 2005)
8. Physical AbuseThe non-accidental use of physical force against a child which results in harm to the child.Intention to harm the child is not relevant e.g. physical punishment resulting in bruising is still physical abuse.Examples of physical abuseExamples of harm causedHitting, kicking, slappingBruising, fracturesShaking, burning, poisoning, scaldingInternal injuries, burnsDragging, yanking, pulling hairscalpingBiting, throwingPuncture wounds, bruising, internal injuries
9. Emotional AbuseAlso referred to as ‘psychological abuse’A pattern of failure to provide non-physical nurture and emotional availabilityExamples of emotional abuseExamples of harm causedHostility, yelling, chronic rejectionAnxietyTeasing and bullyingLow self-esteem or self-worthHarsh/extreme criticism, ridiculingAnxiety, depressionScapegoating or blamingSelf-harm, Suicide ideation
10. NeglectFailure to provide a child with the conditions that are culturally accepted as being essential for physical and emotional development and wellbeingExamples of neglectExamples of harm causedFailing to provide:Food, water, housing, hygieneHunger, malnourishmentHealthcare, provision of medical treatmentProlonged illness/injuryAdequate supervisionRisk of other types of harm
11. Exposure to domestic/family violence (DFV)Hearing or seeing family members being subjected to abuse or maltreatment.Seeing the damage caused to persons or property by a family member’s violent behaviourExamples of exposure to domestic/family violence:Examples of harm causedBeing present during DFV incidentsConsistent with examples provided for physical and emotional abuseWitnessing damage/injuries caused by DFVThreats to harm petsBehaviour which exercises control
12. Sexual Abuse/ExploitationChild sexual abuse occurs when an adult, child or adolescent uses their power or authority to involve a child in sexual activity. Sexual abuse can be physical, verbal or emotional.Examples of sexual abuseExamples of harm causedKissing or holding in a sexual mannerBruising, internal injuriesExposing a sexual body part to childMental health issues, suicide ideationSubstance abuse/mis-use issuesTalking in sexually explicit mannerDevelopmental delaysAny form of sexual activity with a child under 16 or under 18 if perpetrator is in a position of authorityDisorganised attachment
13. Indicators that a child is being sexually abusedA child may say that they are being sexually abusedindirectly disclose through actions or hintschildren rarely lie about experiencing sexual abuseExamples of possible indicators in children of sexual abuseHints about sexual activity or sexual knowledge beyond child’s age / stage of developmentRefusing to talk about ‘secrets’Unexplained gifts, moneyUnexplained injuries to sexual body partsFrequent, recurring nightmares, bedwetting or soiling clothesRecurring themes of power / control in playOverly sexualised behaviour / play / themes in artwork
14. GroomingConduct that creates then exploits opportunities to engage in sexual activitySubtle process (hard to notice)Graduation or progression of behaviour (gets worse over time)Criminal offence in Queensland
15. Historical context of sexual abuse in ChurchesThe Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse provided evidence of abuse within the Uniting Church in AustraliaBy acknowledging the past, we embrace a safer futureThe Uniting Church has made a commitment to ensure that others do not suffer in the same way
16. Indicators of groomingDesigned to be difficult to detectWill likely be a breach of expected conduct or a boundary violationExamples of possible indicators of grooming behaviourExamples of possible indicators in childrenPersistent breaking of ‘minor’ rules about conduct and interactionChild shows reluctance to be near a particular adultPersistent and excessive physical contact with childrenFear, dislike or discomfort towards a particular adultEncouraging others to breach conductChild has unexplained gifts, particularly gifts of high valueSingling individual children out for gifts or rewardsFrequent vague or implausible health complaints e.g. headaches and tummy achesHaving an obvious ‘favourite’ child who receives preferential treatmentChild displays harmful or problematic sexual behaviourBecoming too involved with specific families beyond what is reasonable
17. Time for a 10-minute break.
18. Acceptable behaviours: Maintaining boundariesPhysical boundariesEmotional boundariesBehavioural boundariesSpiritual boundaries
19. Physical boundariesAwareness of power imbalanceAppropriate physical contactAvoiding physical restraintMaintaining leadership ratios
20. Emotional boundariesShowing respect and courtesyAvoiding activities which:Cause embarrassmentAre disrespectfulCause isolationAre bullying
21. Spiritual boundariesContribute to a positive relationship with GodFocus on grace, love, forgiveness and trustAdhere to approved teaching material
22. Behavioural boundariesElectronic communicationPersonal sobrietyUse of imagesMaintaining group behaviour
23. How to respond to boundary violations‘Stop’‘We don’t do that here’‘Please don’t do that again’‘It’s our policy’There is no need to assume motiveLet your minister knowStaying in the safe zone
24. How to respond to a disclosureB.C.A.L.M BreatheCalm the person:I’m glad you told meI believe youIt wasn’t your faultAssess the immediate danger – 000Let them know what’s next:I need to tell someone elseMake a report
25. Mandatory ReportingAlways call 000 if in immediate or life-threatening dangerAlways report physical abuse, current or historical sexual abuse or groomingAlways report neglect or emotional abuseAlways makes notes about what you have doneYou may be required to make statements for police investigations in some circumstances
26. ReviewOur learning objectives were:Definitions and indicators of child abuse and neglectResponding to and reporting abuse and neglectRecognising and interrupting boundary violations, andReflectWhat has been the most valuable thing you have taken from this session?Do you feel more capable of contributing to shared guardianship after completing this session?Please complete the feedback form
27. That concludes the Safe Ministry with Children Lay Preacher and Lay Worker Module 2 sessionYou should now complete the assessment.