423TypologyofWhistlers56424TwoExamplesofStrongDeclineGreekandBarnais6043DocumentationRevitalizationandRevival62431SketchoftheInitiativesforMaintena ID: 217025
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1Introduction.........................................11.1CharacterizationofWhistledLanguages..................11.2ResearchBasedonFieldworkInquiries..................51.2.1TheLinguisticCommunitiesVisitedbyMeyer 4.2.3TypologyofWhistlers.........................564.2.4TwoExamplesofStrongDecline:GreekandBarnais...604.3Documentation,RevitalizationandRevival................624.3.1SketchoftheInitiativesforMaintenance............624.3.2TeachingforRevitalizationorRevival..............634.4Conclusion......................................66References..........................................675WhistleProductionandPhysicsoftheSignal................695.1WhistlingTechniques...............................695.2PhysiologyandthePhysicsofWhistlingProduction.........735.3AcousticCharacteristicsofHumanWhistledLanguages.......805.3.1TypicalFrequencyBandsofHumanWhistledSpeech...805.3.2TypicalAmplitudeVariations....................815.3.3DurationofVowels...........................825.4ComparisonwithShoutedandSungSpeech...............825.4.1StrategiestoReachaDistantListener/Audience.......825.4.2InuenceofLanguagePhonologyinSinging.........855.4.3TheSungModeofWhistledSpeech...............86References..........................................886AcousticAdaptationtoNaturalEnvironments................916.1BackgroundNoise.................................916.2DistanceandSoundPropagation.......................946.3ObservationofWhistledSpeechinNaturalConditions........956.3.1TheAmazonianForestSoundscapeandFilter.........956.3.2PropagationofWhistledTurkishConsonantsinaLarge,DeepValleyofLaGomeraIsland.........976.3.3InterferenceoftheForestwithAkhaWhistledLeafSignals................................986.4AssetsforLong-DistanceCommunication.................101References..........................................1027Phonetics,PhonologyandTypologyofWhistledLanguages......1057.1GeneralAspectsoftheTypologyofWhistledLanguages......1067.2TheCaseofMostNon-tonalLanguages,Formant-BasedWhistling.......................................1087.2.1Vowels....................................1097.2.2Consonants.................................1147.2.3RecentlyDocumentedLanguagesBelongingtoThisCategory.............................1187.3TheCaseofTonalLanguages,Pitch-BasedWhistling........122 7.4SomeRareLanguageswithIntermediateStrategies..........1237.4.1TwoNon-TonalLanguagesWhereIntonationStronglyuencesWhistles...........................1237.4.2AdditionalDetailsonWhistledVowelsandConsonants..............................1267.5Conclusions.....................................128References..........................................1308PerceptionandNeurocognitiveAspects.....................1338.1PreliminaryRemarksAboutWhistledSpeechAcquisition......1348.2ASpectacularAdaptationtoHearingandSpeechStreaming....1348.2.1HumanAuditionandtheWhistledSignal............1348.2.2SpeechStreaming............................1358.3BehavioralExperimentsonWhistledLanguages............1378.3.1PerceptionofWhistledVowelsbyNon-whistlers(AndbyaReferenceWhistler)...................1378.3.2NonsenseUtterancePerceptionbyWhistlers..........1398.3.3IntelligibilityofWhistledWords..................1438.3.4IntelligibilityofWhistledSentences................1448.3.5ConclusionsontheIntelligibilityandBehavioralTests...1478.4NeuralProcessingofaWhistledLanguage................1488.5ConclusionsandPerspectives.........................150References..........................................1519EvolutionaryPerspectives...............................1559.1TheEcologicalNicheofHumanWhistlers................1569.2WhatAnimalWhistlesMayTellUsAboutHumanWhistledSpeech..................................1589.2.1BirdsongsandWhistledLanguages................1589.2.2CetaceanWhistlesandTestingReferentialCommunication..............................1609.2.3WhistlingPrimates,anEvolutionaryPathTowardsHumanWhistledLanguages?..............1629.2.4ConclusionontheComparisonofAnimal-HumanWhistles...................................1669.3Conclusion:QuestionsRaisedbyWhistledSpeechOriginandEvolution....................................1679.3.1WhistledSpeechandtheEnvironment..............1679.3.2PossibleScenariosofOriginandtheMusic-LanguageRelation...................................168References..........................................173Erratumto:Chapters1,7and8inWhistledLanguages...........E1................................................179