Authors Noelani Fishman Breanna Piercy Affiliation Kwaku Boakye Dr Chris Cherry and Dr Shashi Nambisan SPONSORS University of Tennessee CURENT Engineering Center ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Kwaku Boakye Dr Shashi Nambisan Dr Chris Cherry ID: 391093
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Analysis of Naturalistic Electric Bike Rider Behavior: Energy and Power Considerations
Authors: Noelani Fishman, Breanna PiercyAffiliation: Kwaku Boakye, Dr. Chris Cherry, and Dr. Shashi Nambisan
SPONSORS: University of Tennessee, CURENT Engineering CenterACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Kwaku Boakye, Dr. Shashi Nambisan, Dr. Chris Cherry
Background
Electric bikes
are a more recent mode
of active transportation
UTK
began the first ever e-bike share program (UT cycleUshare) in
the US
in 2012Was led by Dr. Chris CherrySeveral studies are conducted based on this researchSocial preferences concerning biking, walking, and e-biking in relation to a subject’s body type, exercise levels, and heart rate were studied
Conclusion
This project proved the already assumed idea that e-bike riders exert less power than regular bike riders.
The bike rider with full electrical assistance on average exerted about half the power of the rider of the regular bike.
The e-bike rider had a greater cadence, or RPM (revolutions per minute)
T
he rider with electrical assistance obtained greater speeds than the rider with no assistance.
The FutureFurther research can be done concerning e-bikes, including the following:An analysis of the amount of battery power used during the course of an e-bike ride. Research on how to optimize the efficiency of e-bike battery usage relative to the terrain.Develop new types of e-bike batteries that are cheaper, more efficient, and charge quicker.
Results
Naturalistic data were collected using GPS devices for two riders
Rider 1: An e-bike with full electrical power
Rider 2: Regular bike
Four days of data collection for a period 1- 2 hours on each day along different paths as shown in Figure 2Data were analyzed using GoldenCheeta software and Microsoft Office Excel The power exerted by riders was determined using the principles of bicycle science as shown equations 1 and 2.W=V[Kₐ(V+Vw)²+mg(S+Cr)] …..eq. 1 Cr=0.005{1+2.1/P[1+(V/29)²]} …...eq. 2 where W = Power, Kₐ = Aerodynamic drag factor (kg/m), V = Speed relative to ground (m/s), Vw = Headwind velocity (m/s), m = Rider + bicycle mass (kg), g = Acceleration due to gravity, S = Slope of hill ( % Grade) , Cr = Rolling resistance coefficient, P = tire pressure
Figure 2: Sample of layout of bicycle trail during data collection
Methodology
Figure 3: Energy-use/power exerted by each rider
Battery
Figure 1: This is an example of the e-bike used during the research
Figure 4: Sample of data from the GPS devices
Battery
Controller
Motor
Res
ults of the data are shown in Figures 3 and 4Regular bicycle rider yields about double the amount of energy than the e-bikerSpeed of the e-bicycle was greater Cadence of e-bike was also higherRatio of power per cadence was higher for regular biker Speed of biker relative to the ground increased as altitude decreasedEach day data varied due to the difficulty of the terrain, exhaustion, temperature, and other factorsResults showed that e-bikes travel faster and farther with more ease than regular bikes
AbstractElectric bikes (e-bikes) were developed to provide hybrid human/electrical power to help propel riders. Studies determining how much power is exerted by riders of e-bikes are limited. This study attempts to quantify and compare the overall energy-use of riders of e-bikes and regular bicycles using fundamental physics relationship with real-world data. Data from naturalistic bicycling behaviors of two riders (one with e-bike and the other with regular bike) were obtained using GPS devices. Analysis of the data showed that the e-bike rider, on average, exerted about half the power used by the rider of the regular bike.