Aristides Speeches 5 and 6, Or - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Aristides

Speeches

5 and 6, Or

,

How

to Argue Pro and ConSlide2

AgendaWhat’s Rhetoric?

Let’s Talk…

Journal Entries

Aristides’ Present in

Speeches

5 and 6?

Antirrhēsis

,

ēthopoiia

Contradiction, Characterization in Aristides 5 & 6

Fable, Continued

“The Frog Who Isn’t Talking to You”Slide3

What’s Rhetoric?Let’s Talk…Slide4

Our Definition of RhetoricThose features of discourse focused on persuading one’s audience

Of the truth of something

Of the worthiness/excellence of one’s/another’s

Character

Skill

Etc.

Dicanic, symbouleutic

Dicanic, symbouleutic, epideicticSlide5

Journal EntriesAristides’ Present in Speeches

5 and 6?Slide6

Rhetorical Exigence

“In any rhetorical situation there will be at least one controlling exigence which functions as the organizing principle: it specifies the audience to be addressed and the change to be effected”

(

Bitzer

“The Rhetorical Situation”

Philosophy and Rhetoric

1968)Slide7

Rhetorical Frames

Debate issues, 413 BCE

Speakers’ characterization

Aristides: his performance, his world

Issues of empire…Slide8

Antirrhēsis, ēthopoiiaContradiction, Characterization in Aristides 5 & 6Slide9

Contradiction, CharacterizationSpeech 5

Non-contentious

Non-invidious

pro(kata)

leptic

(“anticipatory”)

pro(kata)

lēpsis

Appeal to the passionsShame/honor — a fortiori logicDesireSpeech 6

Non-manipulative

Frank and to the point (

parrhēsia

)

Non-contentious

Appeal

to

reason

a fortiori

argument

laws versus decrees

Appeal to religionSlide10

Fable, Continued“The Frog Who Isn’t Talking to You”Slide11

Theon on Fable, etc.Definition“A fable is a fictitious story giving an image of truth” (p. 23)

Introduction

“… the

prooemion

should be appropriate to the fable” (p. 26)

Elaboration

“We expand a fable by lengthening the remarks of the characters and by describing a river or something of that sort, and we condense by the opposite” (p. 25)Slide12

Theon on Fable, etc. (cont’d)Characterization…

“…

is not only an historical exercise, but

…

most advantageous in everyday life and in our conversations with each

other…” (p. 4)

Refutation, Confirmation

“Since

even the fablemaker himself acknowledges that what he writes is false and impossible, though plausible and useful, one should refute by showing that what he says is implausible and not beneficial, and one should confirm in the opposite way” (p. 26)“… one should ... find a supply of things to say in reply to each part of the fable ... : the unclear, the implausible, the inappropriate, the deficient, the redundant, the unfamiliar, the inconsistent, the disordered, the inexpedient, the unlike, the false” (p. 26)Slide13

Psilos logosA frog is always on her cellphone. The frog ignores everything outside her world and is rude. One day, she gets stuck to her phone, but no one helps the frog. Phone and frog die, and where they die, a cell tower grows.

[That the frog is punished is perhaps obvious; still, more an interpretation than a stated fact. Thus part of the “spin” placed on the story, a starting point for rhetorical elaboration.]Slide14

MoralsMoral

Don’t be rude and expect others to help.

Give others the attention you would want for yourself.

Treat others the way you would want to be treated.

Pay attention to

others.

Tech ruins stuff.

Don’t

focus only on one thing.

Anti-moral

Always be self-sufficient

Look after yourself – don’t get caught in a “sticky” situation.

Help others despite the way they treat you.

Mind

your own

business.

Tech is good.

[

anti-moral

pending.]Slide15

StructureProoimion (intro — very brief)

Diēgēsis

(narrative)

Epimuthion

(moral)

Antirrhēsis

(contradiction based on counter-moral)