PPT-CHROMOSOMES &

CELL DIVISION TOPIC 2 2015 CHROMOSOMES amp CELL DIVISION Things to cover Chromosomes Karyotypes inc chromosomal disorders Cell division Mitosis Meiosis amp fertilisation. Section 6.1. 1. Objectives. SWBAT differentiate between body cells and gametes.. SWBAT compare and contrast autosomes and sex chromosomes.. 2. Vocabulary. Somatic cell. Gamete . Homologous chromosome. Karyotypes. To find what makes us uniquely human, we have to explore the human genome. . A . genome. is the full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.. A study of any genome starts with chromosomes, the bundles of DNA and protein found in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. . DNA. Nucleic Acid macromolecule. DNA is long, thin molecule & stores genetic . information called . chromatin. Cell division requires compact structures = . chromosomes. Chromosomes . DNA . (. eukaryotic cells) coil around . Phases of Mitosis and Meiosis. Unit 2. glossary. Chromatin - diffuse, long fibers of DNA with proteins attached . Single chromosomes - a chromosome which has not been duplicated (like ½ of an x). Duplicated chromosomes - a chromosome which has been duplicated (a complete X). GENES. DNA. DNA. :  the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms. . The material inside the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information.. diploid. Sex cells (gametes/germ cells) have only one set of chromosomes . . = . haploid. . That means when fertilization . occurs, the new individual will. have the correct number of chromosomes.. .. DNA . in cells is usually spread out so transcription can take place.. During . cell division, . chromosomes. form. .. Chromosomes are . DNA. and protein (. histones. ) coiled into a rod.. After DNA replicates, two . Chromosomes carry genetic information. Chromosomes are wound up DNA. Diploid – Every body cell has 2 sets of chromosomes . n = number of chromosomes. Normal body cells have 2n (2 x n) chromosomes. 3.2.1. . Bacterial Chromosomes (prokaryotes). Most only have 1 chromosome.. Which means, it only contains a single copy of each gene (except during cell division when chromosomes are replicated).. Has circular DNA that contains all genes needed for basic life processes of the cell.. Ms. Diana and Ms. Su’ad. Karyotype Studies. The study of genetic material does not only involve the study of genes. It also involves whole chromosomes by using images of chromosomes stained during metaphase. . 22 pairs of autosomes. 1 pair of sex chromosomes. XX = Female, XY = Male. Karyotype - chromosomes are arranged according to shape and size. AN EXTRA COPY OF CHROMOSOME 21 CAUSES DOWN SYNDROME. This condition is called . Mutant organisms. What is a mutant organism?. An organism with a permanent change to its genome. What are mutants used for in research?. Expression of a fluorescent protein in a single pair of neurons . Fusion DNAreplicationAcentricfragment Dicentric Chromosome Formation Dicentricchromosome Radiationexposure Centromere Scoring Dicentrics with New Technologies 80 Slide Feeder Digital Camera and Image DISCLAIMER: • The presentation includes images which are taken from Google images or books . • They are being used in the presentation only for educational purpose . • The author of the presenta