CONNECTIVE TISSUE - PowerPoint Presentation

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CONNECTIVE TISSUESlide2

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Connective tissue is one of the basic tissues which gives structural and metabolic support to the organ and other tissue of the body.

It connects other tissues.

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Functions

Support

Structural & Mechanical

Packing

Fills spaces, Shape to the organ

Storage

Adipose tissue: energy

Loose

areolar

CT: water & Electrolytes

Transport

Medium for Nutrients & Metabolic wastes

Repair

Fibroblasts:matrix

and

fibres

Defense

Cells:

Phagocytosis

o

r AntibodiesSlide4

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

GENERAL FEATURES

1.

Cells

2.

Matrix

-

Fibers

-

Ground substanceSlide5

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Major constituent- Extracellular Matrix

StrengthSlide6
Slide7

Cells of Connective Tissue

A. Fixed cells

(intrinsic cells

)

1.

Fibroblast & Fibrocytes

2.

Mesenchymal cells

3.

Adipocyte

4. Fixed macrophages

B. Free cells (extrinsic cells/Wandering Cells)

4

.Free Macrophage

5. Mast cell

6. Plasma cells

7. Leucocytes Slide8

Function

Fixed Cells

:

Production & Maintenance of Extracellular Matrix.

Free

Cells

:

Tissue

reaction to injury or invasion of Microorganisms. Slide9

Fibroblast

Most commonly seen

Fusiform

with slender

cytoplasmic process

Large

oval nucleus

,

Responsible for

fiber production

Old cells are

fibrocyte

,

Contractile Cells are

myofibroblast

Slide10

FibroblastSlide11

Adipocytes

Store lipid

Appears as empty space

Incapable to division

Aggregate in adipose tissue with reticular fibreSlide12

Mesenchymal cells

Undifferentiated cells

Stellate

in shape,

Cytoplasmic process,

Pluripotenant

cell

Near blood vessels as

Advential cell

Slide13

Macrophages (Histiocytes)

Free and Fixed type

,

Fixed Cells-

Irregular

Shape

filopodia

process,

Dark indented

eccentric nucleus,

Derived from

monocyte

Involved in

phagocytosis

Fused to form giant cell.

Free Cells- rounded, no filopodia Slide14

Plasma cells

O

val

basophilic

cells,

Eccentric nucleus

Heterochromatin

as

cartwheel nucleus

Derived from

B lymphocyte

Produces

immunoglobulin

Antibody collected as

Russell body

.

Present in respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract Slide15
Slide16

Mast cell

Round or Fusiform Shaped

Mostly along blood vessels,

Metachromatic granules

in cytoplasm,

Granules have

Histamine

or

Heparin,

Look like

basophil,

so called as

connective tissue basophil

.

Connective tissue mast cell

–heparin granule, present in skin. Mucosal mast cell

–small, present in lamina propria of git and respiratory tract Slide17
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Leucocytes

-

.

Granulocytes

-Neutrophils, Esinophils,

Basophiles

.

Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes, MonocytesSlide19

LeucocytesSlide20

Collagen Fibre

White

colour

when fresh

Do not

branch,wavy

present in bundle

Collagen protein

forms

Fibres

Fibres

composed of fibril made of

microfibrils

Micro fibrils made up

tropocollagen

-striations

Synthesized by

fibroblast Slide21

Collagen

Tropocollagen

is synthesized by fibroblasts and released into extracellular space where they get polymerized to form collagen fibrils

Collagen on boiling gives gelatin

More than 25 types are present

Collagen is also synthesized by

Chondroblasts

: in collagen

Osteoblasts

: in bone

Smooth Muscle: in blood vessels

Odontoblasts

: in the

toothSlide22

Types

Type1

-bones ,tendons, dermis etc

Type2

-cartilage

Type3

-reticular

fibres

Type4

-basement membrane

Type5

-blood vesselsSlide23

Synthesis

Amino acids

Procollagen

Three chains

Tropocollagen

CollagenSlide24

Elastic fibre

Yellow in color when fresh

Composed of

elastin

protein

Singly present

Branched and

anastomose

forming a network

Can be stretched (one and a half times)

Synthesized by fibroblast and smooth muscle cells in blood vessels

Found in

ligamentum

flava

,

ligamentum

nuchae, large arteriesSlide25

Reticular fibre

Structurally similar to collagen

fibres

Are very thin Immature collagen

fibre

Actively branch to form delicate network therefore named Reticular

Form supportive framework of lymphoid tissue

Stained black by silver salts (

argyrophillic

)

Composed of Collagen Type IIISlide26

Ground Substance

Transparent & Homogeneous

Fills spaces between cells and

fibres

Acts as

amoleculer

sieve facilitating diffusion between blood and tissues.

Composition:

Mucopolysaccharides

Structural Glycoproteins

Water & ElectrolytesSlide27

Mucopolysaccharides

(

Glycosaminoglycans

):

Consistency &

viscocity

of GS, serves as a physical barrier in spreading infection

. Examples:

Hyaluronic

Acid &

Heparan

Sulphate

.

Structural

Glycoproteins

: Adhesion of cells to the

neighbouring cells. Examples: Fibronectin(Dermis),

Chondronectin(in Cartilage) & Laminin(in basement membrane)Water & Electrolytes

: Maintenance of Fluid balance.Slide28

Ground substance

Polysacchrides

-

hexurate

or

galectose

Carbohydrate protein complex

(

proteoglycanes

)-

1-

mucopolysacchride

(

glucosaminoglycanes

)

NonSulphates-chondroitin

and hyluronic acid

Sulphates - chondotinesulphate, heparitine

sulphate, keratohyline

2- glycoprotienes-

fibronectine(dermis), chondronectine (cartilage),

laminin

(

b.m

)

water & minerals Slide29

Classification

Connective tissue

1.Ordinary connective tissue-

Loose connective tissue

-Dense connective tissue

Regular

Irregular

2.connective tissue with special properties

Adipose tissue

Mucoid

tissue

Reticular tissue

Pigmented tissue

3.Scleral connective tissue

-Bone

-Cartilage

4.Lymphoid and

heamopoietc

connective tissueSlide30

Examples

Loose

areolar

connective tissue-

subperitoneal

tissue,

endomysium

, lamina

propria

Dense collagenous C T Regular- tendon, ligament, aponeurosis

Irregular-dermis of skin

Connective T with special propert

ies

Elastic-

Ligamentum

nuchae Mucoid

/ Embryonic tissue- Wharton’s jelly Reticular Tissue- Stroma of lymphoid organSlide31
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Loose connective tissueSlide33
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Loose Connective TissueSlide35

Dense Regular Connective TissueSlide36

Dense Regular Connective TissueSlide37

Dense Irregular Connective TissueSlide38

Dense Irregular Connective TissueSlide39

Dense Irregular Connective TissueSlide40

Dense Irregular Connective TissueSlide41

Irregular Elastic Connective TissueSlide42

Irregular Elastic Connective TissueSlide43

Regular Elastic Connective TissueSlide44

Regular Elastic Connective TissueSlide45

Reticular Connective TissueSlide46

Adipose Connective TissueSlide47

Irregular Adipose Connective TissueSlide48
Slide49

Mucoid

TissueSlide50
Slide51

MCQ

Plasma Cells are derived from

1.

Monocytes

2.

Basophils

3.T lymphocytes

4. B LymphocytesSlide52

MCQ

Large number of elastic fibres are present in

1. Tendon

2. Ligamentum Nuchae

3. Basement Membrane

4. AponeurosisSlide53

MCQ

The fat cells of

Multilocular

adipose tissue (Brown fat) is characterized by the presence of

1.Spherical central nucleus and many lipid droplets.

2.Flat peripheral nucleus and single lipid drop

3.Flat central nucleus and single lipid droplet

4.Thin rim of cytoplasmSlide54

MCQ

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Collagen

1.Constitutes 30% of the dry body weight

2.Is synthesized by fibroblasts

3.Is composed of

Mucopolysaccharides

4.Gives gelatin on

denaturation