Talha Naeem Qureshi Joint work with Tauseef Shah and Nadeem Javaid COMSATS Institute of Information Technology 44000 Islamabad Pakistan wwwcomsatsedupk wwwnjavaidcom ID: 169660
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EESAA: Energy Efficient Sleep Awake Aware Intelligent Sensor Network Routing Protocol
Talha Naeem QureshiJoint work withTauseef Shah and Nadeem Javaid COMSATS, Institute of Information Technology, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan www.comsats.edu.pk www.njavaid.com
15th International Multi Topic Conference (INMIC), Islamabad, Pakistan 13th to 15th December 2012Slide2
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of multiple unattended
ultra-small, limited-power sensor nodesSensor nodes are deployed randomly in the area of interestSensor nodes have limited processing, wireless communication and power resource capabilitiesSensor nodes send sensed data to sink or Base Station (BS)Wireless Sensor NetworksSlide3
Goal:Prolong network
lifetime/coverageClustering is useful in reducing energy consumptionRouting in WSNsSlide4
LEACH – Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy [Heinzelman
et al., 2000]SEP - Stable Election Protocol [G. Smaragdakis et al., 2004]DEEC - Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering [Li Qing et al., 2006]LEACH:Unable to differentiate nodes in terms of energy (homogeneous)Node i chooses random number s between 0 and 1If s <
T(si), node i becomes a Cluster Head (CH) for the current round where:
where:
T(
s
i
)
=threshold
Pi
= desired percentage of
CHs
G = set of nodes that have not been a CH in the last 1/P rounds
Clustering based protocolsSlide5
Each node is elected CH once every 1/P rounds (epoch length
)On average, n x P nodes elected per roundn = total number of nodesLEACHSlide6
Differentiate nodes in terms of their energy (heterogeneous)Consider two types of
nodes w.r.t energy: normal and advanced nodeswhere:Energy of advanced nodes > Energy of normal nodesCH selection probability of advanced nodes is greater than normal nodesUse same threshold T(si) for CH selection as described by LEACHEach node is elected CH once every 1/P rounds (epoch length)Epoch of advanced nodes < epoch of normal nodesSEPSlide7
Differentiate nodes in terms of their energy (heterogeneous)Consider multiple energy levels of nodes
Use same threshold T(si) for CH selection as described by LEACHEpoch of high energy nodes < epoch of low energy nodesDEECSlide8
Mostly sensor nodes overlaps each other or placed close to each other during deploymentOverlapped and close nodes have same sensed data
There is no need to send same sensed data two times to BSNodes Deployment IssuesSlide9
Sending same data two times to BS cause Energy loss
Stability period and life time of WSN decreasesExtra overhead on sinkNo previous protocol including LEACH, SEP and DEEC is addressing this issueNodes Deployment IssuesSlide10
Our goal:To minimize energy consumption To enhance network stability period and network lifetime.
Concept of pairing is introducedSensor nodes of same application and at minimum distance between them will form a pair for data sensing and communicationCHs selection technique is enhancedCH selection on basis of remaining energy of nodes CH of current round will predict the CH for next roundOur EESAA: Energy Efficient Sleep Awake Aware Intelligent Sensor Network Routing ProtocolSlide11
Mechanism:Sensor nodes are supposed to be equipped with Global Positioning System
(GPS)Senor nodes measure their location through GPSNodes transmit their location information to sinkIn first round clusters are formed by same mechanism described by LEACHNodes which are at minimum distance from each other in their intra cluster transmission range and of same application type are coupled in pair by BSEESAASlide12
Mechanism:Sink broadcast pairing information to all the nodes in networkNodes become aware of their coupled node
According to the proposed scheme, The nodes switch between ”Sleep” and ”Awake” mode during a single communication IntervalInitially node in a pair, switch into Awake mode also called Active-mode if its distance from the sink is less then its coupled nodeNode in Active-mode will gather data from surroundings and transmit data to CHsDuring this period transceiver of the coupled node will remain off and switches into Sleep-modeEESAASlide13
In next round, nodes in Active-mode switch into Sleep-mode and Sleep-mode nodes
switch into active-modeEnergy consumption is minimized because nodes in Sleep-modes save their energy by not communicating with the CHsUnpaired nodes remain in Active-mode for every round till their energy resources depletedEESAASlide14
Green circles – coupled or paired nodesRead circles – unpaired or isolated nodes
EESAASlide15
CH selection mechanism:Initially, in first round CHs are selected by same mechanism described by LEACHCHs selection after first round is based on remaining energy of each node
Nodes in Active-mode take participation in CH election processDuring start of round, nodes also transmit their energy information to CHCH computes the remaining energy of every node in cluster and its distance from each node and select CH for the next upcoming roundEESAASlide16
Transmission phase:When node has been selected as CH, it broadcasts an advertisement message to whole network.
Only Active-mode nodes hear the broadcast advertisements from different CHsThey select their CHs on the basis of Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of advertisementsNodes in Active-mode, transmit their sensed data to CH during their assigned TDMA slotsNodes in Sleep-mode do not take participation in data transmission and save their energy by turning their transceiver offEESAASlide17
Node mode setup algorithm
EESAASlide18
Performance metrics:Stability period: It is duration of network operation
from start till first node diesNetwork lifetime: Network lifetime is duration from start till last node is aliveInstability period: It is duration of network operation from first node dies till the least node diesNumber of CHs: It indicates the number of clusters generated per roundPacket to BS: It is rate of successful data delivery to BS from CHsSimulation ResultsSlide19
Simulation Results
In EESAA first node dies around 1800 roundStability period of EESAA is almost 120% 50% and 35% greater than LEACH, SEP and DEEC respectivelyEESAA has 100% 102% and 50% network lifetime as compared to LEACH, SEP and DEECSlide20
Simulation Results
SEP, DEEC and LEACH has more uncertainties in CHs selection Random number of CHs are selected in every round but ESSA has controlled CHs selection. EESAA efficient CHs selection algorithm helps it in better and constant data rate transmission to BSSlide21
Simulation Results
EESAA has sleep-awake policy for nodesLess number of data is transmitted to BS in starting rounds due to sleep mode of some nodesBut after 4300 rounds, EESAA has highest data rateSlide22
Conclusion
EESAA is location aware protocolEESAA minimizes energy consumption by sleep-awake mechanismSimulation results show significant improvement all performance metrics as compared to existing routing protocols e.g., SEP, LEACH and DEECFor more information please checkwww.njavaid.com