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Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: the limit Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: the limit

Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: the limit - PowerPoint Presentation

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Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: the limit - PPT Presentation

cue Adam Sparks Pat Barclay Shefali Garg11678 Smith Gupta11720 Background Cooperation increases as anonymity decreases Humans have neural circuitry that automatically activates in response to both real and pictured ID: 278922

effect org http amp org effect amp http doi cues reputation cooperation human evolution real group eye 2010 evolhumbehav

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Slide1

Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: the limited effect of a false cueAdam Sparks, Pat Barclay

Shefali Garg(11678)Smith Gupta(11720)Slide2

Background

Cooperation increases as anonymity decreases.Humans have neural circuitry that automatically activates in response to both real and pictured faces.

Human decision-making influenced not only by

conscious

,

reasoned evaluation

of explicit

knowledge,

but

also by

non-conscious, intuitive judgments based on implicit

cues.

How long does it last?

Does it always work?Slide3

Importance

Helps resolve discrepancies about whether and when eye images influence cooperationPeople habituate to an uninformative reputation cue

Informs efforts to use reputational cues to promote cooperation in real world or research settingsSlide4

Experiment: Is the Eyes Effect sensitive to exposure length?Slide5
Slide6
Slide7
Slide8

Conclusions

The eyes effect is an involuntary, subconscious response.Significant effect of exposure length on giving.More effective if few real observers will be present.

No observed effect on autistic people.

Effect on giving to in-group, not out-group. Slide9

References

Barclay, P. (2011b). The evolution of charitable behaviour and the power of reputation. In C. Roberts (Ed.), Applied evolutionary psychology (pp. 149–172). New York: Oxford University Press.

Andreoni, J., & Petrie, R. (2004). Public goods experiments without confidentiality: A glimpse into fund-raising. Journal of Public Economics, 88, 1605–1623

.

Haley, K. J., &

Fessler

, D. M. T. (2005). Nobody’s watching? Subtle cues affect

generosity in

an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human

Behaviour

, 26

,

245–256,

http

://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002

.

Blest, A. D. (1957). The function of eyespot patterns in the Lepidoptera.

Behaviour

,

11, 209–256.

Sparks, A. Subtle cues and economic games. MSc [thesis]. Hamilton (ON):

McMaster University

; 2010

.

Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched

enhance cooperation

in a real-world setting. Biology Letters, 2, 412–414,

http://

dx.doi.org/

10.1098/rsbl.2006.0509.

Barclay, P., &

Willer

, R. (2007). Partner choice creates competitive altruism in

humans. Proceedings

of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, 749–753,

http

://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0209

.

DeBruine

, L. M. (2002). Facial resemblance enhances trust. Proceedings of the

Royal Society

B: Biological Sciences, 269, 1307–1312,

http://

dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb

. 2002.2034.

Mifune

, N., Hashimoto, H., & Yamagishi, T. (2010). Altruism toward in-group

members as

a reputation mechanism. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 109–117,

http

://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.09.004

.

Oda

, R.,

Niwa

, Y.,

Honma

, A., &

Hiraishi

, K. (2011). An eye-like painting enhances

the expectation

of a good reputation. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32,

166–171,

http

://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.11.002

.Slide10

Thank You