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FRUIT FRUIT

FRUIT - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2017-04-23

FRUIT - PPT Presentation

Fruit Functions F ruit mature ripened ovary P revent the seeds from drying D isperse the seeds M ay be either fleshy or dry Fleshy Fruits Examples tomatoes and apples ID: 540736

fruit fruits fleshy seeds fruits fruit seeds fleshy single seedless dry simple examples aggregate seeded pollination ovary plants multiple

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Slide1

FRUITSlide2

Fruit Functions

F

ruit

= mature

, ripened

ovary

P

revent

the seeds from drying

D

isperse

the

seeds

M

ay

be either fleshy or dry.Slide3

Fleshy Fruits

Examples: tomatoes

and

apples

Hold juices that prevent the seeds from drying until they are matureEasy to disperse seeds via dissemination from feces of animals who ate the fruit/seeds THREE fleshy fruit types: simple, aggregate, multiple Slide4

Simple fruits

develop from a single ovary of a single pistil. Slide5
Slide6

5 SIMPLE FLESHY Fruit Categories

Berry

=

entirely fleshy ovary, examples: tomatoes, dates, blueberries, bananas, peppers, cranberries

Hesperidium

= leathery rind, examples: oranges

, grapefruits, lemons,

limes

P

epo

= hard rind and a fleshy inner matrix, examples: watermelons, cantaloupe, squash, pumpkins Drupe = fleshy exterior and single hard, stony pit surrounding the seed, examples: cherries, peaches, olives, plumsPomes = fleshy exterior and a center with papery carpels, examples: apples and pearsSlide7

Aggregate/Multiple FLESHY Fruits

Aggregate

fruits

develop from a single flower that has many pistils. Multiple,

fleshy fruitlets are attached to one receptacle. -Raspberries are an aggregate of drupes.

-

Strawberries

are an aggregate of

achenes

.

Multiple fruits consist of a number of flowers that fused to form a mass -PineapplesSlide8

Simple fruits

develop from a single ovary of a single pistil. Slide9
Slide10

DRY FRUITS

Dry but still prevent seed

from drying further

Other means

of dissemination than consumption/defecation - Example: dandelion has

evolved a dry,

feathery

fruit to take advantage of the

wind

for

dissemination

TWO types = indehiscent or dehiscentSlide11

Indehiscent

DRY Simple Fruits

Indehiscent

fruits

= do not split open at maturity, usually one- or two-seeded Achene

single-seeded fruit attached at only one place to the pericarp, ex: sunflowers, buckwheat

Caryopsis

achene like but pericarp sticks to

the

seed, ex:

c

orn, rice, barley, rye, sorghum, oat, wheat Samara usually single-seeded with a membranous wing, ex: maple, elm, and ashNut hard, one-seeded fruit, ex: oak, walnut, filbertUricle

like an achene, but the ovary wall fits loosely around the seed, ex: finger millet and pigweed

Nutlet is a small version of a nut, ex: birchSlide12

D

ehiscent DRY Simple Fruits

Dehiscent

fruits

= fruits that split open upon maturation Legume = pod ex: soybeans, green beans, peas

Follicle =

single

carpel

that splits, ex: milkweed

Capsule

= more

than one carpel, united and form many-seeded fruits, ex: okra, cotton, mustard Pyxis capsule with a lid that falls from the fruit, ex: purslaneSlide13

DRY FruitsSlide14

3 Parts of the Fruit

Exocarp

= outer wall

of the fruit, forms tough outer skin Can be

thick/toug

h (oranges)

or

thin/soft (grapes)

2.

Mesocarp = middle layer, makes up the bulk of the fruit and is usually fleshy3. Endocarp = inner part, surrounds seed(s)Can be hard (peach) or soft (grapes)Slide15
Slide16

How are seedless fruits produced?

P

arthenocarpy

, fruit may develop without fertilization. Seedless pineapples and cucumbers result when pollination fails to occur. 1. Pineapples are self-infertile. In other words, pineapples require cross-pollination for seeds to set.

2. Cross

-pollination does not occur when a field is planted with just one variety. Many citrus fruits are seedless for the same

reason.

3.

Cucumbers

may produce seedless fruits if not pollinated. If pollination takes place, they produce seeds.Slide17

B.

S

tenospermocarpy

Technically

, seedless grapes are not seedless. Normal pollination and fertilization occurs, but the embryos abort when they are young. Often, remnants of the seeds can be seen in the fruit.

S

eedless fruits (cont.)Slide18

C.

Triploid

Bananas

and seedless watermelons

Have three sets of chromosomes so meiosis fails to take place.The triploid banana varieties are propagated asexually by removing and planting offshoots

.

Watermelons are produced from seeds obtained by crossing diploid plants with

tetraploid

plants. The seeds from the cross are triploid. The triploid plants grow and produce fruit after being pollinated, but because they are sterile, they fail to produce seeds. Triploid plants must be grown near pollen-producing diploid plants.

S

eedless fruits (cont.)