Overview Unmanned Aircraft Systems FAA Authority UAS Registration Types of UAS Operations Modeler Operations Part 101 Small UAS Rule Part 107 Operating Rules Becoming a Pilot Next Steps in Integration ID: 734282
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Slide1
Future Flight: Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration
Slide2
Overview
Unmanned Aircraft Systems
FAA AuthorityUAS RegistrationTypes of UAS OperationsModeler Operations (Part 101)Small UAS Rule (Part 107)Operating RulesBecoming a PilotNext Steps in IntegrationFocus Area Pathfinders & Extended OperationsResearch, Security, & EnforcementOutreach EffortsSlide3
4
UAS: Anybody Can Do ItSlide4
Wright Brothers, Jet Engine…
UAS?
Industry forecasts indicate potential worldwide market for commercial and military UAS at nearly $90 billion over next decade
2Slide5
Economic Impact Estimated at $82B with over 100,000 Jobs
Created
– AUVSI
6Slide6
UAS: Friend or Foe?
7Slide7
What is the FAA’s Authority?
U.S. airspace is public space
49 U.S.C. §40103(a)(1)UAS are aircraft subject to regulation
49 U.S.C. §40102(a)(6); 14 CFR 1.1; PL 112-95 §331, §336An aircraft is any device used, or intended to be used, for flightUAS must comply with FAA regulationsSlide8
Online UAS Registration
Applies to small UAS under 55 lbs. flown outside
Owner must provide name, address, emailNon-recreational owners must provide make, model, and serial number (if available) of each sUASSlide9
10
Who Operates Them?
Modeler
Recreational
Operators (
Modelers or hobbyists
) – Part 101
Operations below 400’/Remote Area/5 miles from airport
Not
for commercial operations (compensation or hire)
Civil
An entity
other than
public
– Part 107/SAC EC
No commercial operations (compensation or hire) unless stipulated in terms and
conditions of
exemption for SAC-EC
Public
intrinsically
governmental
in nature (i.e. federal, state, and local agencies) 49 U.S.C. 40125
Operator
must qualify
as public entity
Operation
must qualify as
government function
(public interest)
Examples: Department of Defense (
DoD
); other local, state, and federal government agencies and some universitiesSlide10
Types of UAS Operations
Recreational Operations
Non-recreational/Commercial OperationsPilot RequirementsNo pilot requirements
Must have Remote Pilot Airman CertificationMust be 16 years or older
Must pass TSA vetting
Aircraft Requirements
Must be registered if over 0.55
pounds
Must be less
than 55 pounds
Must be registered if over 0.55 pounds
Must undergo pre-flight checklist
Location Requirements
Must
notify all airports & air traffic control (if applicable) within five miles of operations
Class
B, C, D, and surface E airspace require ATC permission
Class G and rest of Class E without ATC permission
Operating Rules
Must ALWAYS
yield right of way to manned aircraft
Must keep aircraft in visual line-of-sight
Must follow community-based safety guidelines
Must keep aircraft in visual line-of-sight*
Must fly under 400’, or w/i 400’ of a structure *
Must fly only
during daylight/twilight hours*
Must
fly at or below 100 mph*
Must yield right of way to manned aircraft*
Must NOT fly over people*
May fly from a moving vehicle*
Definitions
Education or recreational
flying only
Flying for commercial use
Flyin
g incidental to a business
Flying non-profit operations
*These requirements are subject to waiver. Slide11
Model Aircraft Operations
Special Rule for Model Aircraft
(14 CFR Part 101)No FAA authorizationMust fly safely at all times:Community based safety guidelinesAvoid manned aircraftMaintain visual line-of-sightNotify airports / ATCTs w/i 5 smMust register & mark UAS before flying outdoorsSlide12
The Small UAS Rule (Part 107)
First rules for routine operation of small UAS (<55 pounds)
Took effect August 29, 2016Recreational operators may fly under Part 107 or Part 101Slide13
Part 107 Basics
Requires a Remote Pilot Certificate
Must pre-flight UASNo medical issues affecting safety<400’ AGL or within 400’ of a structure; other airspace requires a waiverUAS must weigh <55 lbs.UAS must be registeredSlide14
Operating Rules
Visual line-of-sight only
Daylight or civil twilight onlyNo operations over peopleMust yield right-of-way to manned aircraftOne UAS per operatorMax groundspeed of 100 mphExternal load permitted if load does not affect flight control and is secureSlide15
Waivable
Provisions of Part 107
Operation from a moving vehicle or aircraft (§ 107.25)Daylight operation (§ 107.29)Visual line of sight aircraft operation (§ 107.31)Visual observer (§ 107.33)Operation of multiple small UAS (§ 107.35)Yielding the right of way (§ 107.37(a))Operation over people (§ 107.39)Operation in certain airspace
(§ 107.41)Operating limitations for small UAS (§ 107.51)Online portal available at www.faa.gov/uas/request_waiver/Slide16
Becoming a Pilot under Part 107
16
years old or olderRead, write, speak EnglishMust pass an aeronautical knowledge exam at an FAA-approved Knowledge Testing CenterCurrent pilots can opt for online training course instead of the knowledge examNo medical issues impacting safetyTSA backgroundsecurity screeningSlide17
Aeronautical Knowledge Exam Topics
Applicable
regulations relating to small unmanned aircraft system rating privileges, limitations, and flight operationAirspace classification and operating requirements, and flight restrictions affecting small unmanned aircraft operationAviation weather sources and effects of weather on small unmanned aircraft performanceSmall unmanned aircraft loading and performanceEmergency proceduresCrew resource managementRadio communication proceduresDetermining the performance of small unmanned aircraftPhysiological effects of drugs and alcohol
Aeronautical decision-making and judgmentAirport operationsMaintenance and preflight inspection proceduresSlide18
Focus Area
Pathfinders – Expanding Operations
3 Focus Area Pathfinder Partners:CNNExploring visual line-of-sight operations over peoplePrecision HawkExploring extended visual line-of-sight operations in rural areas
BNSF RailwaysExploring beyond visual line-of-sight operations in rural areasSlide19
UAS Test Sites
University of
Alaska Includes test ranges in Hawaii and OregonOperational May 5, 2014State of Nevada
Operational June 9, 2014New York Griffiss International Airport
Includes test
ranges in
Massachusetts
Operational August 7, 2014
North Dakota Department of
Commerce
Operational
April 21, 2014
Texas A&M University – Corpus
Christi
Operational
June 20, 2014Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech)
Includes test ranges in New Jersey (partnered with Rutgers University) and Maryland
Operational August
13,
2014Slide20
Part 107 Airspace Requirements
Class
B, C, D & Class E surface areas require ATC authorization
Class G & rest of Class E don’t require ATC authorization
Phased
approach to airspace
authorizations
Online portal available
at
https://www.faa.gov/uas/request_waiver
/
Slide21
Impact on Agriculture
UAS operations expected to be the future of agriculture
Safer, less costly operations
Greater precision/ability to see broad visual overview of crop conditions
Trimble submitted application for Section 333 exemption for geospatial mapping; approved December 2014
Yamaha approved by FAA for type certificate for RMAX unmanned helicopter
Currently used for chemical application in Japan and AustraliaSlide22
Agriculture Exemptions
Over 70 companies granted
Section 333 exemptions for agriculture: Trimble Navigation, Ltd.Advanced Aviation SolutionsPravia, LLCViafieldBOSH Precision Agriculture dba Digital Harvest
3D Aerial SolutionsFalconSkyCamQuiet Creek CorporationMany more….Slide23
Certificate
Mgmnt Team (CMT) w/RMax
First Part 137 certificate to a UAS in the NAS. 24Slide24
Myths about UAS
25
Unmanned aircraft are not aircraft and not regulated
Title 49 USC and Title 14 CFRFAA Doesn’t Control Flights below 400’
CFR 91.13: Ground/water/air prevention of collisions
Business purpose is okay over private
property and I
can use my model to fly
commercially
All commercial aircraft subject to CFR: certified pilot and a/c
The
US is lagging other countries in approving commercial “drones”
NAS largest in the world: FAA Cert vs assumption of liability
Harmonization ongoing with ROW
Information
on new
website: http
://www.faa.gov/uas/Slide25
Interpretive Rule Communication Plan
Immediate Actions
Press release/infographicGuidance for Aviation Safety Inspectors and Air Traffic ControlLaw enforcement outreachFollow-on ActionsContinued partnership with Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA)Establish partnerships with:Other agenciesManufacturers/industryFAA Outreach: Education, Compliance and Enforcement
http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/uas/model_aircraft_operators
/Slide26
“Know Before You Fly” Outreach Campaign
Announced
December 22, 2014provides prospective UAS users with information and guidance to fly safely and responsiblyfounding members: AUVSI, Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) and the Small UAV Coalitionpartnered with FAAother Supporters include:Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) – January 7, 2015Experimental Aircraft Association (
EAA) – January 9, 2015
www.knowbeforeyoufly.orgSlide27
FAA Working with Industry
on “Know Before You” Fly Campaign
FAA reached voluntary agreement with UAS manufacturers to include guidance materials in packagingmanufacturers who voluntarily committed include: DJI, Parrot and Yuneec Electrical AviationDJI has already begun including material in their Phantom 2 Quadcopter boxes
www.knowbeforeyoufly.orgSlide28
B4UFly Mobile App
Map Mode
1 of 3 modesInformativeInteractiveFiltering optionsSlide29
Reporting Unsafe UAS Activity
While flying or at the airport:
Report the sighting to Air Traffic ControlNote the location, altitude, and characteristics of the aircraftAnywhere else:Call local law enforcementThe FAA has published guidance for law enforcement to help them respond to unsafe UAS activityBe as detailed & specific as possibleLocation, altitude, direction, pictures, videos, etc.Slide30
UAS In the newsSlide31
Questions?Slide32
UAS in Lawmaking
Four states -
Florida, Idaho, Montana and Virginia have already passed laws to control the use of drones by law enforcement. FL, ID, an MT: Barred police from using drones without a warrant in most casesVirginia
has barred their use by law enforcement (with exceptions) for two years. According to a tally by the American Civil Liberties Union, legislation to limit drone use has been proposed in 41 states and remains active in 32 states.
11Slide33
Getting to IntegrationSlide34
What are UAS?
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) historically were called by various terms:
drone/RPA/ROA/RPV/UAV
Model/R-CFAA defines UAS as a systemUnmanned Aircraft (UA)
Aircraft Control Station
Command & Control Link/s
Pilot
CommunicationSlide35
FAA Vision for UAS Integration
Safe,
Efficient
, and
Timely
integration of UAS into the
national airspace
Because
safety is the FAA’s primary
mission
SAFE
EFFICIENT
TIMELY
FAA is dedicated to supporting this exciting new technology
FAA is committed to reduce delays and increase system reliabilitySlide36
WWW.faa.gov/UAS