PPT-Gravity and Motion: Kepler/Newton/Einstein

Astronomy Chapter 2 D Taylor 2011 2012 20132014 Gravity and Motion 2 Introduction Gravity gives the Universe its structure It is a universal force that causes all objects to pull on all other objects everywhere. 1. What is Physics?. Study of the nature of the Universe. what the Universe is made of – . Matter. stars and planets and . galaxies. different forms like gases and liquids and solids. sub-atomic particles like protons and electrons. Claudius Ptolemy . –. 87 . –. 150 CE. Nicholas Copernicus . –. 1473 . –. 1543. Galileo . Galilei. . –. 1564 . –. 1642. Johannes . Kepler. . –. 1571 . –. 1630. Isaac Newton . Einstein and Newton. 1. Newtonian Gravity. Newton explains the universe using forces. 2. Newton. Newtonian gravitational theory is based on forces acting on one another.. An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion (in a straight line) until acted upon by another force.. 4. – Newton and Einstein. ASTR 101. Prof. Dave Hanes. Newton . Succeeds!. The orbit of (newly-discovered) Uranus. Halley. ’. s comet (and others, later). The prediction of Neptune. The prediction of Pluto . fig_03_022. Nicolaus Copernicus. Copernicus’ Universe. Contrast Copernicus with the Aristotelian Cosmos. GALILEO. Galileo Galilei 1564 - 1642. Galileo's most original contributions to science were in mechanics: he helped clarify concepts of acceleration,. and. Dr. Albert Einstein . 2. nd. and 8. th. period. ELAR. Books I read. I read “Isaac Newton, Organizing the Universe,”. By: William J. Boerst.. ©2004. . I also read “Albert Einstein, Giants of Science,”. nd. Law of Motion. Newton’s 2. nd. Law of Motion:. . acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object. Newton’s 2. nd. Law of Motion . connects . force. , . mass. Frame of reference- . a system of objects that are not moving with respect to another.. Also called a . Point of Reference. - Describing and Measuring Motion. Describing Motion. Whether or not an object is in motion depends on the reference point you choose. Section 1 Newton’s Second Law. Force and motion are . connected.. An object will have . greater acceleration . if a greater force is applied to it.. The . mass. of an object and the force applied to it affect acceleration. Can you change your velocity while not changing your speed?. v. F. Consider the above situation.. According to Newton . S. econd law, what must the object be doing?. It is accelerating so the velocity must be changing.. th. , 2018. Pre-Class:. In your notebooks, draw a rough sketch of the Earth orbiting the Sun. . Importantly. , you should show it from . above. (as though you’re above the Sun looking down at the orbit path). Finally, indicate the Sun and where in your drawing the Earth’s orbit is . Earth, Moon, and Sun Gravity and Motion Isaac Newton was the first scientist to explain what keeps the Earth and Moon in orbit Force – a push or a pull There is a force acting between the Earth and the moon that keeps them in orbit An Invisible Force. Gravity. Every object pulls on every other object with an invisible force called . gravity. .. There is . gravity. between you and your toy car, but you won’t notice it because it is so weak.. t. he Cosmos Mechanized. 1543. . Nicolaus Copernicus. . . - publishes heliocentric universe in De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium. . - implicit introduction Copernican principle: Earth/Sun is not special .