neurotransmitters affect the brain Dopamine Buşra Yağmur ID: 270400
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Slide1
How do neurotransmitters affect the brain: Dopamine
Buşra
Yağmur
Slide2
OutlineNeurotransmittersWhat is DopamineWhere is Dopamine
formed
How
does
Dopamine
work
What
are
the
functions
of Dopamine
Dopamine
related
disease
Dopamine
and
addiction
Conclusion
References
Slide3
What are neurotransmıtter The brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and body
The brain uses neurotransmitters to tell your heart to beat, your lungs to breathe, and your stomach to digest
They can also affect mood, sleep, concentration, weight, and can cause adverse symptoms when they are out of balance
Serotonin
, GABA,
Dopamine
,
Norepinephrine
,
EpinephrineSlide4
dopamıneA monoamine neurotransmitter that upon binding to a dopamine receptor (G-protein coupled) releases a variety of downstream signals
.
A
special neurotransmitter because it is considered to be both excitatory and inhibitory. Slide5
Where is Dopamine formed
Dopamine
is mainly synthesized in areas of the central and peripheral nervous systems, such as in the hypothalamus, the
arcuate
nucleus, and the
caudad
Slide6
How does Dopamine workDopamine is released into synaptic cleft.Dopamine binds with receptor.
Once done, dopamine is taken back into the cell, so not too much is present in the cleft.
The control mechanism is found in the endorphin
Endorphin can either enhance of inhibit the action of dopamine.Slide7
What are the functions of Dopamine
Dopamine plays a significant role in the cardiovascular, renal, hormonal, and central nervous systems. It is thought to control processes as diverse as movement to
drug addiction
.
Dopamine dendrites extend into various regions of the brain, controlling different functions through the stimulation of α and β adrenergic and
dopaminergic
receptorsSlide8
Dopamine in movement: A part of the brain called the basal ganglia regulates movement.Dopamine in pleasure reward seeking behavior
:
Dopamine is the chemical that mediates pleasure in the brain.
Dopamine in memory
:
Levels of
dopamine
in the brain, especially the prefrontal cortex, help in improved working memory.
Dopamine in attention
:
Dopamine helps in focus and attention. Vision helps a dopamine response in the brain and this in turn helps one to focus and direct their attention
Dopamine in cognition
:
Dopamine
in the frontal lobes of the brain controls the flow of information from other areas of the brainSlide9
Dopamine related disease Dopamine deficiency in the striatum or
substantia
nigra
results in Parkinson’s-like symptoms. In this case, movement becomes slow and rigid, accompanied by muscle tremor.
An excessive amount of dopamine is affiliated with schizophrenia, characterized by altered behavior, and delusions.
A deficiency of dopamine (DA) is a leading candidate for the etiology of certain symptoms of depressionSlide10
May have a role in obesityMay play a role in drug addictionMay have a role in alcoholismMay use dopamine derivatives to treat diseaseSlide11
Dopamine and addictionCocaine and amphetamines inhibit the re-uptake of dopamine.
Cocaine is a dopamine transporter blocker that competitively inhibits dopamine uptake to increase the presence of dopamine.
Amphetamine increases the concentration of
dopamine
in the synaptic gap, but by a different mechanism.
Amphetamines are similar in structure to dopamine, and so can enter the
presynaptic
neuron via its dopamine transporters.
By entering, amphetamines force dopamine molecules out of their storage vesicles.
By increasing presence of dopamine both these lead to increased pleasurable feelings and addiction.Slide12
ConclusionDopamine is a neurotransmitter released by the brain that plays a number of roles in humans and other animals. Some of its notable functions are in: Movement
,
memory
,
pleasurable reward
,
behavior and cognition
,
attention
,
inhibition of
prolactin
production
,
sleep
, m
ood
,
learning
Excess and deficiency of this vital chemical is the cause of several disease conditions. Parkinson's disease and drug addiction are some of the examples of problems associated with abnormal dopamine levels.Slide13
referenceFellous, J. and Suri, R.E. (2002). The
roles
of dopamine.
The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks,
2
.
Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press,
https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp
http://www.
news
-
medical
.net/
health
/Dopamine-
Functions
.
aspxSlide14Slide15