Human Experimentation in - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Human Experimentation in WORld WAr II

By

davis

,

jed

,

thomas

,

ethan

, and masonSlide2

Sigmund

RAscher

Dr. Sigmund

Rascher

 was the leader of majority of the experiments that were conducted on the victims at the Dachau concentration camp. 

These tests were selfishly conducted on the victims because the Germans wanted to figure out solutions to better them selves and save lives in the German air force.

They decided to perform tests like the "High Altitude" test to determine what effects that high altitude had on the brain.Slide3

Man about to be tested on.

Man after experimentation.

Here are some pictures of the high altitude experiment

The people subjected to this test suffered huge mental and physical pain.Slide4

Victims of the experimentsOver 1,200 people were used in these experiments and more than half died as a result.

Victims were either executed or died during the experimental process. 

Victims who did survive might have

rathered

died.

Victims had permanent mental and physical pain. Some were suffering from lost arms, legs, and other disabilities.Most people were killed just to hide evidence of experimentation.Slide5

Experimentation  -there's a lot of them

Altitude

Sigmund

Raecher

conducted experiments on prisoners at Dachau, he put 200 people in low pressure chambers simulating up to 68,000 feet. He studied the physiological changes that happened to the prisoners, 80 died outright and

ther other 120 were executedFreezingIn Dachau doctors placed prisoners in vats of icy water once they hit 79.9 degrees Fahrenheit they quickly warmed them in warmed sleeping bags, scalding baths, and women who were forced to copulate with themSlide6

Sulfanilanide

Doctors in the

Ravensburk

concentration camp wanted to text the effectiveness of

Sulfanilanide

on curbing infections, so they cut prisoners open gave them gangrene or tetanus, then rubbed ground up glass and wood shavings to irritate it, needless to say it wasn’t that funTwinsIn Josef mengele being the insane man he is wanted to make as many aryan children, so he did lots of texts to crack the code of the birth of twins, through this he killed about 800 twins and only about 200 survivedPoison

Doctors in Buchenwald wanted to text the affects of poison on the body, so they got a bunch of Russian prisoners and poisoned them, if the didn’t die, they were executed so they could do an autopsy 

Leg after Sulfanilinide testSlide7

Tuberculosis

They infected prisoners with TB to see what I did 200 died, and they hanged 20 children to hide the evidence from allied forces

Phosgene

At Fort Ney near Strasbourg, France, 52 prisoners were subject to the gas so doctors could make an  antidote, only 4 died, surprisingly

Sterilization 

They Nazis wanted to find a way to quickly sterilize lots of people with minimal effort, so they blasted young men with radiation then chopped off there genitals so see what it did, for women they put caustic substances (acid) into there uterus, thousands were affected by itSlide8

Almost done

Artificial insemination

Dr. Carl

Clauberg

was tasked to study artificial insemination, so he got 400 women and injected them with sperm, he also reportedly taunted the women by saying he had injected them with animal sperm and that a monster was growing inside them

Salt waterDr. Hans Eppinger wanted to make sea water drinkable, so he got 90 gypsies to drink sea water and only drink sea water, they were severely dehydrated and resorted to licking freshly mopped floors to get just a little bit on drinkable waterTransplantation Doctors tried to add arms and legs to injured workers, they didn’t workout so well and victim's suffered permanent disabilities and excruciating pain Slide9

Japanese Atrocities

There are two major instances of inhumane Japanese experimentation in WWII

Kyushu University acknowledged in April of 2015 of it's involvement in the vivisections of American airmen shortly after they were captured.

Unit 731, a compound in Japan-occupied China, was the location of experiments usually relegated to horror movies.

In both cases, these experiments were carried out by fully licensed doctors.Slide10

Japanese Atrocities--- Unit 731 

The Mastermind: Dr. Shiro Ishii—After receiving his degree, he became a prominent scientist within the Japanese Imperial Army's biological warfare research division. He led inhumane tests from about 1937 to 1945.

The experiments: Many of them were thought up by Dr. Ishii himself, and the victims ranged from fetuses to the elderly---infecting subjects with potent diseases, vivisections without anesthesia, high pressure chambers, freezing people then thawing them alive, shooting prisoners in the stomach to practice removing bullets, seawater injections, partial liver and brain removals, removing body parts and attaching them in unnatural ways, spinning people to death in a centrifuge, lethal doses of x-rays, burning by flamethrowers, phosphorus and chlorine gas, animal blood injections, burying alive, exploding grenades at various distances to test shrapnel spread, and much more.

Bombs containing plague, cholera, and anthrax were dropped on Chinese cities. Some of those bombs were dropped in killing fields.

Unit 731 also poisoned food and candy and gave it to the poor, who thought they were receiving aid.

An estimate puts 280,000 to 500,000 slaughtered by Unit 731, 30% Soviet troops and 20% American and British soldiers.Slide11

Japanese Atrocities- kyushu University

Kyushu University POW Eviscerations: During a bombing raid on Japan, a kamikaze pilot rammed a B-29 bomber, making it crash. The remaining U.S. airmen were taken by Japanese villagers who almost killed them and handed them over to the University. (one lucky airman emptied his pistol into the crowd before committing suicide, another was taken to Tokyo for questioning, and another's parachute cords were cut by a Japanese plane on the descent.)

The 8 remaining were believing they were being treated for their injuries so the did not struggle, but instead all were killed by seawater injections, surgeries such as vivisections without anesthesia and while they victims were completely alert, removals of one lung or partial liver removals, and surgically stopping a heart.

There was also unconfirmed reports of cannibalism. Once the soldiers were dead, they were cut into pieces and stored in a solution for later study.

Most evidence and photos, and body parts were destroyed after Japan surrendered. 20 were convicted, but all were let free by Gen. Macarthur.

A doctor who participated named Toshio Tono has dedicated the remainder of his life to exposing what happened.Slide12

The Nuremberg Trials: The Doctors Trial

13 Nuremberg Trials in total

Judges from 4 different countries

December 9, 1946 – American Military Tribunal opens  against 23 leading Nazi physicians and administrators

Case officially called

United States of America vs. Karl Brandt et al

(the Doctors Trial)

Trial first of 12 similar cases filed against Nazi doctors held by the United States after WWII

The 23 defendants during trialSlide13

The Defendants of the Trials

Karl Brandt

Siefried

Handloser

Paul RostockOskar SchroederKarl GenzkenKarl GebhardtKurt BlomeRudolf BrandtJoachim MrugowskyHelmut PoppendickWolfram SieversSiegfried Ruff

Gerhard RoseHans Wolfgang Romberg

Viktor BrackHermann Becker-FreysengGeorg August WeltzKonrad SchaeferWaldemar HovenWilhelm BeiglboeckAdolf PokornyHerta

OberheuserFritz FischerSlide14

Charges

All 23 defendants faced four charges:

I – The Common Design or Conspiracy

Defendants acted in pursuing "a common design, unlawfully, willingly, and knowingly" conspired and worked together to commit war crimes against humanity

II – War Crimes

Defendants "played key roles in, were accessories to, ordered, consented to, and took part in plans and ventures involving medical experiments without subjects' consent, on civilians and war criminals" from nations fighting the German ReichIII – Crimes Against HumanityDefendants willingly participated in crimes against humanity including murders, brutalities, torturing, and other inhumane acts

IV – Membership in Criminal OrganizationDefendants "are guilty of membership in an organization declared to be criminal by the International Military Tribunal"Slide15

Trial Verdicts

Trial included 85 witnesses and submissions of almost 1,500 documents

American judges announced their verdict on August 20, 1947 after nearly 140 days of proceedings

The verdicts were:

Found Guilty on Counts II, III, and IV

Viktor Brack – sentenced to death by hangingKarl Brandt – sentenced to death by hangingRudolf Brandt – sentenced to death by hangingFritz Fischer – sentenced to full term and period of natural life in prison; sentence reduced to 15 years on later appealKarl Gebhardt - sentenced to death by hanging

Karl Genzken -  sentenced to full term and period of natural life in prison; sentence reduced to 20 years on later appeal

Waldemar Hoven - sentenced to death by hangingJoachim Mrugowsky - sentenced to death by hangingWolfram Sievers - sentenced to death by hangingFound Guilty on Counts II and IIIWilhelm Beiglboeck -  sentenced to 15 years in prison; sentence reduced to 10 years on later appealHerman

Brecker - sentenced to 20 years in prison; sentence reduced to 10 years on later appealSlide16

Trial Verdicts

Siegfried

Handloser

- sentenced to full term and period of natural life; sentence reduced to 20 years on later appeal

Herta

Oberheuser - sentenced to 20 years in prison; sentence reduced to 10 years on later appealGerhard Rose -  sentenced to full term and period of natural life; sentence reduced to 15 years on later appeal Oskar Schroeder - sentenced to full term and period of natural life; sentence reduced to 15 years on later appealFound Guilty on Count IVHelmut Poppendick - sentenced to 10 years in prison; sentence reduced to time served on later appealAcquitted

Kurt BlomeHans Wolfgang Romberg

Paul RostockSiegfried RuffKonrad SchaeferAdolf PokornyGeorg August WeltzIn total, 16 found guilty and 7 sentenced to deathAll sentenced to death hanged June 2, 1948 at Landsberg prison in BavariaSlide17

Bibliography

http://famous-trials.com/nuremberg/1903-doctortial

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/defendants-in-the-doctors-trial

http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-nuremberg-trials

Medicalbag.org/despicable-doctors/pure-evil-wartime-japanese-doctor-had-no-ragard-for-human-suffering

Unit731.orghttps://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/japanese-experiments-u-s-pows-exhibit-shows-brutal-history-n338231Http:/www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hlocaust/experiside.html