November 6 th 2013 Hurricane Review Winds rotate counterclockwise around the center Storm surge is caused by the wind a winddriven rush of sea into coastal areas as a strong tropical ID: 204592
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Slide1
Lab 8
November 6
th
, 2013Slide2
Hurricane Review
Winds rotate counter-clockwise around the
center
Storm
surge is
caused by the wind; a wind-driven rush of sea into coastal areas as a strong tropical cyclone arrivesGreater wind velocity results in stronger storm surgeSlide3
Southern Hemisphere?
Remember,
Coriolis deflects the wind to the left.
How does that affect wind flow around lows and highs?Slide4
Hurricane Formation/Intensification
Hurricanes thrive off of warm, moist air (this is why they tend to form over water near the equator!)
Intensification occurs when the hurricane continues to feed on the energy from these warm waters
Oftentimes, the wind from a slow moving cyclone agitates surface of the ocean , bringing deeper water to the surface, analogous to upwellingHow does this affect the ocean temperature, and thus the storm’s intensification?Slide5
Convergence/Divergence
Convergence = air coming together
Surface convergence is associated with
surface lows LDivergence = air moving away
Surface divergence is associated with surface
highs HSlide6
Surface – Upper Air Interaction
L
H
Surface pressure is proportional to the weight of the column of air above
Decreasing weight leads to strengthening surface lows, increasing weight leads to strengthening surface highs
Decreasing column
w
eight
Decreasing column
w
eight Slide7
Advection
Transport of a quantity by the wind
Often interested in temperature advection
Depends on:Strength of the windAngle that the wind crosses isothermsTemperature gradientSlide8
Reading Wind Barbs
Credit:
http://
nycmetnet.ccny.cuny.eduSlide9
Advection - Example
What will the temperature be in one hour? Hint: 1 knot = 1 nautical mile.
In 1 hour, the isotherm pattern will be
advected 30 nm to the south.Just look at the temperature 30 nm to the North, 20 degrees!
20
3
0
4
0
5
0
6
0
0 nm
30 nmSlide10
Fronts
When defining fronts, cold air calls the shots
Cold Front = Cold air advancingWarm Front = Cold air retreating
How do we locate fronts?Temp gradient located at leading edge of cold airWind directions located where wind directions change abruptlySurface pressure located in a trough of low pressureSlide11
Cold Front PlacementSlide12
Lab Assignment
11.1
(b) 11.13
12.10 (a, b, c, d)12.11 (a, b)13.1 (a, b)13.2 (a, c)13.7
(a, b)
Office hours Thursday’s from 6-7 pm in Wx Center