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2 The Stratosphere and the Figure 1 Variation of temperature bottomaxis and ozone top axis with altitude fromthe surface of the Earth In the tropospheretemperature decreases with altitude In. Essential Points. Heat, Temperature and Temperature Scales. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Composition of the Atmosphere. Layers in the atmosphere are defined by temperature profiles. How pressure varies in the atmosphere. Atmospheres. Atmospheric compositions. Venus – . CO. 2. (96.5%), . N. 2. (3.5%), SO. 2. (0.015%). Mars -- . CO. 2. (95.3%), . N. 2. (2.7%), Argon (1.6%), O. 2. (0.13%). Earth – N. 2. (78.1%), O. And its effects on our planet Earth. What is the Atmosphere. ?. The . envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. .. Earth’s atmosphere consists of 5 major layers. Troposphere. Stratosphere. Objectives. Describe the composition of Earth’s atmosphere.. Explain why air pressure changes with altitude.. Explain how air temperature changes with atmospheric composition.. Describe the layers of the atmosphere.. II 2017. a. aron.hill@ttu.edu. Weather Is Everywhere. University Studies/Global Studies. Climate change protocols. Fossil fuel consumption/climate change. R. enewable energy reliance. Business/Finance/Marketing/Commerce. Both deal with atmospheric phenomena. Weather. denotes the state of the atmosphere over short time scales - hours or days. Climate. denotes these phenomena over long time scales -many years or centuries. Section 11.2 – Properties of the Atmosphere 8 th Grade Earth and Space Science Class Notes Temperature Temperature – measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material Higher the temperature = faster particle movement Properties of the Atmosphere Heat vs. Temperature Temperature – measure of how rapidly or slowly molecules move around. Higher the temperature = faster particle movement Heat - is the transfer of energy that occurs because of a difference in temperature between substances ATMOSPHERE Composition of the Atmosphere The atmosphere is comprised of a variety of gases: Major Constituents (99%): Nitrogen (N): 78% Oxygen (O 2 ): 21% Trace Constituents: Other: 1% In fact, the atmosphere receives very low amount of heat energy from the sun as it receives most of its energy from the long wave terrestrial radiation.. Atmosphere receive energy from the sun and the earth in different ways. . ). Presented By. Dr. . Banashree. . Saikia. Assistant Professor. Department of Geography. JN College,. . Boko. Structure of the Atmosphere . On the basis of the characteristics of temperature and air pressure there are four distinctive layers from the earth surface upward . Visible. Wavelength . . . Infrared. Wave number n = 1/. . Microwave. Frequency . =1/t. , . in GHz (since . Hz . is small). Microwave Remote Sensing. Note. :. Different units used for different . . The layer of gases surrounding Earth; composed mainly of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, and other gases (water vapor, dust, pollutants, etc.). Brainpop: . Earth’s atmosphere. Layers of the Atmosphere. 3. Its structure, composition and dynamics. In last week’s lecture, we focussed on how weather is generated.. The key ingredients are energy and gradients.. Last Week’s Lecture. Incoming energy from the Sun is balanced with outgoing radiative cooling of the Earth, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of about 15 °C. .