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Particle Accelerator Particle Accelerator

Particle Accelerator - PowerPoint Presentation

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Particle Accelerator - PPT Presentation

Particle accelerators It is a device that provides forces on charge particles by some combinations of electric amp magnetic fields and brings the ions to high speed amp kinetic energy ID: 199701

particle accelerators particles accelerator accelerators particle accelerator particles circular linear fields field linac energy oscillating amp large electrostatic collider

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Slide1

Particle AcceleratorSlide2

Particle accelerators

It is a

device

that provides

forces on charge particles – by some combinations of electric & magnetic fields,

and brings the ions to high speed & kinetic energy

A

particle accelerator

is a device that uses electromagnetic fields

to propel charged particles to high speeds and

to contain them in well-defined beams.Slide3

Two basic classes of accelerators,

Electrostatic accelerators &

Oscillating field accelerators Slide4

Electrostatic accelerators

Electrostatic accelerators

use static electric fields

to accelerate particles.

A small-scale example of this class is the cathode ray tube [CRT] in an ordinary old TV set.

Other examples are the Cockcroft–Walton generator and the Van de

Graaf

generator.

The achievable kinetic energy for particles in these devices is limited by electrical breakdown.Slide5

Oscillating field accelerators

2.

Oscillating field accelerators, use radio frequency electromagnetic fields and circumvent the breakdown problem.

This class, which was first developed in the 1920s, is the basis for all modern accelerator concepts and large-scale facilitiesSlide6

Apps.

Particle accelerators are used in a large variety of applications,

best known use in

particle physics

as

colliders

(e.g., LHC [Large

Hadron

Collider] in CERN, RHIC,

Tevatron

),

including particle therapy for

oncological

purposes,

and as synchrotron light sources for fields such as condensed matter physics.Slide7

Oscillating field particle accelerators

Linear particle accelerators:

In a linear accelerator (

linac

), particles are accelerated in a straight line with a target of interest at one end.

They are often used to provide an initial low-energy kick to particles before they are injected into circular accelerators. Slide8

The longest

linac

in the world is the Stanford Linear Accelerator, SLAC, which is 3 km (1.9 mi) long. SLAC is an electron-positron collider.

Linear accelerators are also widely used in medicine, for radiotherapy and

radiosurgery

.Slide9

Circular or cyclic accelerators:

Here, particles move in a circle until they reach sufficient energy.

The particle track is typically bent into a circle using electromagnets.

The advantage of circular accelerators over linear accelerators (

linacs

) is that it allows continuous acceleration, as the particle can transit indefinitely.

It is smaller than a

linac

of comparable power

(i.e., a

linac

would have to be extremely long to have the equivalent power of a circular accelerator).Slide10

Cyclotrons:

The earliest operational circular accelerators were cyclotrons, invented in 1929Slide11

Betatrons

:

Another type of circular accelerator, invented in 1940

for accelerating electrons

, is the

BetatronSlide12

Next Isotope Separator

In-course – 30 April