BRIEF INTRODUCTION AND FUN By Dr Chang WHAT IS POLYGRAPH A polygraph popularly referred to as a lie detector measures and records several physiological indices such as blood pressure ID: 369121
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Slide1
POLYGRAPH-THE LIE DETECTOR
BRIEF INTRODUCTION AND FUN
By Dr. ChangSlide2
WHAT IS POLYGRAPH?
A
polygraph
(popularly referred to as a
lie detector
) measures and records several physiological indices such as
blood pressure
,
pulse
,
respiration
, and
skin conductivity
while the subject is asked and answers a series of questions.
Meet the Parents 3/10Slide3
WHO INVENTED IT?
In 1921, by
John Augustus Larson
, a medical student at the
University of California at Berkeley
and a police officer of the
Berkeley Police Department
in Berkeley, CaliforniaSlide4
HOW DOES IT WORK?
The belief is that deceptive answers will produce physiological responses that can be differentiated from those associated with non-deceptive answers.
How Does A Polygraph Test Work?Slide5
WHO USES IT?
US federal government agencies: FBI and the CIA. (referred as
psychophysiological detection of deception
(PDD) examination.)
Many police departments such as the LAPD.
Some private sectors.Slide6
NOT TRUE SCIENCE?
One
Commone
View About
PolygrapySlide7
Admissibility of polygraphs in
cou
rt
In 2007, polygraph testimony was admitted by stipulation in 19 states, and was subject to the discretion of the trial judge in federal court.
The use of polygraph in court testimony remains controversial, although it is used extensively in post-conviction supervision, particularly of sex offenders.
In
Daubert
v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
(1993), the old
Frye standard
was lifted and all forensic evidence, including polygraph, had to meet the new
Daubert
standard
in which "underlying reasoning or methodology is scientifically valid and properly can be applied to the facts at issue." While polygraph tests are commonly used in police investigations in the US, no defendant or witness can be forced to undergo the test.Slide8
Admissibility of Polygraphs
in
Court
In
United States v.
Scheffer
(1998
),the
U.S. Supreme Court
left it up to individual jurisdictions whether polygraph results could be admitted as evidence in court cases. Nevertheless, it is used extensively by
prosecutors
,
defense attorneys
, and
law enforcement agencies
. In the States of
Massachusetts
,
Maryland
,
New Jersey
,
Delaware
and
Iowa
it is illegal for any employer to order a polygraph either as conditions to gain employment, or if an employee has been suspected of wrongdoing.
The
Employee Polygraph Protection Act
of 1988 (EPPA) generally prevents employers from using lie detector tests, either for pre-employment screening or during the course of employment, with certain exemptions
.Slide9
LAPD Pre-Employment Screen Sample Questions
Irrelevant Questions:
Are you now sitting down?
Are you now in the State of California?
Before applying with LAPD, did you attend High School?
Is this the month of April?
Is this the year of 2009? Slide10
LAPD Pre-Employment Screen Sample Questions
relevant questions
asked on the Los Angeles Police Department's pre-employment polygraph examination are very similar to these:
1) Have you stolen more than four hundred dollars in cash or property from an employer?
2) Are you withholding information regarding your illegal drug history?
3) Have you committed an undisclosed serious crime?
4) Based on your personal bias, have you ever committed a negative act against anyone?
5) During a domestic dispute, have you physically harmed a significant other?
For the most part, these are very obvious relevant questions. But note that #4 is vague enough that it might easily be confused for a probable-lie "control" question.Slide11
LAPD Pre-Employment Screen Sample Questions
Commonly used "control" questions include:
1) Prior to your application, did you ever lie to someone in a position of authority?
2) Before this year, did you ever put false information on an official document?
3) Prior to this year, did you ever betray someone who trusted your word?
4) Before your LAPD application, did you ever do anything that would place your integrity into question?
5) Before this year, did you ever take credit for something you didn't do?
6) Prior to this year, did you ever deceive a family member?Slide12
FUN QUESTIONS FOR YOUR ♥
What was your first impression of me?
How accurate do you now think it was? On which counts do you think you were totally wrong and on which were you right?
What is your idea of a truly romantic evening?
If I promise not to get upset, can you tell me something that you’d like to change in me but don’t have the nerve to tell me?
If you weren’t in the profession you are, what would be your other dream profession and why?
Apart from the most obvious one, which other two areas of your body are the most sensitive and responsive?
Which three parts of my body are your personal
favourites
and why?
Can you name three qualities that attracted you when you met me/got to know me?
Which is your dream destination and why?
Which is your
favourite
movie of all time and
favourite
scene in it? (If the other hasn’t seen it, narrate in detail
.)Slide13
FUN QUESTIONS FOR YOUR ♥
Which fruit/vegetable do you think I resemble and why?
Can you remember your earliest childhood memory of happiness and that of fear?
Your
favourite
aunt/uncle/cousin and why?
What are the qualities that draw you to people that you can base a friendship on?
Can you give me a mock session of how you would discuss sex education when you have a child?
Your first crush – what drew you to her/him?
Your first date – where did you go, what did you do and how long did the relationship last?
How have you coped with break-ups in the past?
What has been your scariest dream? Which has been your most frequently recurring one?
Which has been the best decision you ever made?
Which is the decision you regret the most?Slide14
FUN QUESTIONS FOR YOUR ♥
Can you narrate to me your proudest moment?
If you won the lottery, what are the first three things you would do and which are the five things you’ve been most longing for, that you would buy?
If your house was on fire and you had a chance to grab only five things before leaving, they would be…
If you were asked whom you would like to be born again as, the answer would be…
Which is your
favourite
flavour
of ice cream, your
favourite
junk food and your
favourite
dessert?
Whose wardrobe would you most like to possess and why?
The one argument your parents had, that you would try and avoid with your partner, would be over…
Which is your
favourite
asset/body part on a man/woman and why?
The most embarrassing thing that ever happened to you was…Slide15
FUN QUESTIONS FOR YOUR ♥
Your most wicked fantasy has got to be… (Be open to this one, if you react adversely, he/she will never feel free to confide in you again.)
If our relationship doesn’t work out, do you think we can remain friends? If no, why not?
Who are you closer to – your mum/dad - and why?
Your
favourite
song of all times and why – is it because of the lyrics, because of the memories associated with it or just the whole package?
If somebody handed you a magic lamp and gave you three wishes, what would they be?
What upsets you most in a relationship and what makes you the happiest?
What is your perception of how people see you?
If someone told you they saw me with another guy, what would your first reaction be – she’s cheating on me, he’s probably an old friend or I need to get to the bottom of this?
Can you think of something you craved for when you were young and were denied?
Have you ever found yourself attracted to someone of the same sex?