Signs of LD - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Signs of LD Slide2

Dyslexia

Signs from:

http

://www.bartonreading.com/pdf/Dys%20warning%

20signs.pdf

Citation:

Barton

, S. (2002). Warning Signs of Dyslexia. Retrieved July 30, 2015

. Slide3

In pre-school

delayed speech

• mixing up the sounds and syllables in long words

• chronic ear infections

• severe reactions to childhood illnesses

• constant confusion of left versus right

• late establishing a dominant hand

• difficulty learning to tie shoes

• trouble memorizing their address, phone number, or the alphabet

• can’t create words that rhyme • a close relative with dyslexia Slide4

In grade school

• letter or number reversals continuing past the end of first grade

• extreme difficulty learning cursive

• slow, choppy, inaccurate reading:

- guesses based on shape or context

- skips or misreads prepositions (at, to, of) - ignores suffixes

- can’t sound out unknown words

• terrible spelling

• often can’t remember sight words (they, were, does) or homonyms (their, they’re, and there)

• difficulty telling time with a clock with hands

• trouble with math

- memorizing multiplication tables - memorizing a sequence of steps - directionality

• when speaking, difficulty finding the correct word - lots of “

whatyamacallits

” and “thingies”

- common sayings come out slightly twisted

• extremely messy bedroom, backpack, and desk

• dreads going to school

- complains of stomach aches or headaches - may have nightmares about school Slide5

In high school

• limited vocabulary

• extremely poor written expression

- large discrepancy between verbal skills

and written compositions

• unable to master a foreign language • difficulty reading printed music

• poor grades in many classes

• may drop out of high school Slide6

In adults

Education history similar to above, plus:

• slow reader

• may have to read a page 2 or 3 times to understand it

• terrible speller

• difficulty putting thoughts onto paper - dreads writing memos or letters

• still has difficulty with right versus left

• often gets lost, even in a familiar city

• sometimes confuses b and d, especially when tired or sick Slide7

Dysgraphia

Signs from:

http://www.readingrockets.org/article/what-

dysgraphia

"What Is Dysgraphia?"

Reading Rockets

. Web. 31 July 2015

. Slide8

Dysgraphia

Tight/ awkward

pencil grip and body position

Illegible handwriting

Avoiding writing or drawing tasks

Tiring quickly while writing

Saying words out loud while writing

Unfinished or omitted words in sentences

Difficulty organizing thoughts on paper

Difficulty with syntax structure and grammar

Large gap between written ideas and understanding demonstrated through speech.Slide9

Dyscalculia

Signs from:

http://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/dyslexic/

dyscalculia

"Dyscalculia."

Dyscalculia

. Web. 31 July 2015

. Slide10

Dyscalculia

Has difficulty when counting backwards.

Has a poor sense of number and estimation.

Has difficulty in remembering ‘basic’ facts, despite many hours of practice/rote learning.

Has no strategies to compensate for lack of recall, other than to use counting.

Has difficulty in understanding place value and the role of zero in the Arabic/Hindu number system.

Has no sense of whether any answers that are obtained are right or nearly right.

Tends to be slower to perform calculations. (Therefore give less examples, rather than more time).

Forgets mathematical procedures, especially as they become more complex, for example ‘long’ division.

Addition is often the default operation. The other operations are usually very poorly executed (or avoided altogether).

Avoids tasks that are perceived as difficult and likely to result in a wrong answer.

Weak mental arithmetic skills.

High levels of mathematics anxiety.Slide11

Auditory Processing

Signs from:

http://ldaamerica.org/types-of-learning-disabilities/auditory-processing-disorder

/

"Auditory Processing Disorder."

Learning Disabilities Association of America

. Web. 31 July 2015

. Slide12

Auditory Processing

Has difficulty processing and remembering language-related tasks but may have no trouble interpreting or recalling non-verbal environmental sounds, music, etc.

May process thoughts and ideas slowly and have difficulty explaining them

Misspells and mispronounces similar-sounding words or omits syllables; confuses similar-sounding words (celery/salary; belt/built; three/free; jab/job; bash/batch)

May be confused by figurative language (metaphor, similes) or misunderstand puns and jokes; interprets words too literally

Often is distracted by background sounds/noises

Finds it difficult to stay focused on or remember a verbal presentation or lecture

May misinterpret or have difficulty remembering oral directions; difficulty following directions in a series

Has difficulty comprehending complex sentence structure or rapid speech

“Ignores” people, especially if engrossed

Says “What?” a lot, even when has heard much of what was saidSlide13

Visual Processing

Signs from:

http://www.ldanl.org/lda/?q=

VPD

"Visual Processing Disorder."

Visual Processing Disorder

. Web. 31 July 2015

. Slide14

Visual Processing

May be inattentive to visual tasks or appear easily distracted by too much visual stimuli.

The individual appears restless or inattentive during video or visual presentations, may be disinterested in movies or television.

May exhibit difficulty with tasks that require copying (ex. taking notes from a board) and written copies may be missing words or shapes, exhibit reversals or inversions.

Often cannot remember even basic facts about material read silently

Complains of eye strain or frequently rubs eyes (despite no presence of poor eye sight)

Below average reading or written level coupled with high oral comprehension and verbal skills

Math skills may be demonstrated below average, individual may ignore function signs, omit steps or confuse visually similar formulae.

Routinely fails to observe or

recognize

changes in bulletin board displays, signs, or posted notices.