US History Unit 1 Events and Ideas 8 Essential Question What changes and challenges occurred with religion and religion freedom during colonial times and around the time of the founding of the United States ID: 551989
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The Role Religion in America
US HistoryUnit 1Events and Ideas #8Slide2
Essential Question:
What changes and challenges occurred with religion and religion freedom during colonial times and around the time of the founding of the United States?Slide3
Religion in the Old World
Each King decided which religion would be practicedKings received their right to govern from GodReligion was practiced in a very formal, stiff atmosphere
King George IIISlide4
Religion in the Colonies
1620 – Puritans in Massachusetts (persecuted in England)1630 – Catholics in Baltimore (persecuted in England)1636 – religious toleration in Providence, Rhode Island 1681 – Quakers in Pennsylvania – allowed other faiths1700 – Jews came to America to be able to worship freely but were not allowed to vote or hold public office
Many colonist came to America to set up religious colonies
people had to practice the same religion or they were forced to leave
Quaker Meeting in the 1700’sSlide5
Religion Changes in the Americas
In the 1700’s, religion became unregulated and enthusiasticSects multiplied and split due to protestant/puritan emphasis on individual bible reading and congregational communityFour colonies, Virginia, South Carolina, Connecticut, and Massachusetts retained official colony churchesSlide6
First Great AwakeningSlide7
The First Awakening
Definition:A religious movement that stressed dependence on GodRevivals took place throughout the colonies in the 1730s and 1740sBlack Baptist churches were founded in the South
The first Black church in North America
Religious RevivalSlide8
The First Awakening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-dk4-HBNWQ Slide9
Preachers
Preachers rejected Anglican Hierarchical controlPreachers required no formal training - instead believed they were “called” to preachPreachers roamed the colonies and frontierSlide10
Growth and Revivals
Tremendous religious growth and enthusiasmOpen air camp meetingsExhorted participants to “accept the Lord and avoid the flames of Hell”Thousands flocked to this new ChristianitySlide11
Evangelism
The end result in the sermons was salvationParticipants came forward in tears and humility confessing their sinner and swearing to begin life as saved ChristiansOut of the old tradition of saving Grace, came a more modern, public, and theatrical outpouring of religious emotion that remains today.Slide12
Religion and SlaveryBrutality of slavery is condemned by Baptists.Slaves join Baptist churches in the SouthViolent attempts are made to break up the churches where slaves attended.Slide13
The Legacy of the First Great Awakening
By late 1740’s the fervor began to fade but left a lasting legacy of:rebelling against authoritarian religious rule fathering new Protestant sects (Methodists, Baptists, etc.)a unifying drive creating a national consciousnessthe emerging anti-authority pattern in colonial America, with social and political impactsSlide14
The Legacy of the First Great Awakening
William Knox wrote about the American drive for independence: “Every man being thus allowed to be his own Pope, he becomes disposed to wish to become his own King”.
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Religious References in Founders Documents
Declaration of Independence:We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.Slide16
Religious References in Founders Documents
United States Constitution
The Bill of RightsSlide17
Second Great AwakeningSlide18
Second Great Awakening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGaqfZnxaRc Slide19
Second Great Awakening
Definition:A Protestant revival movement that began in 1790Church leaders felt threatened and begin to revive America’s commitment to religion.
Some ministers insisted that the nation’s citizenry, more than its government, was responsible for building a better society.
Camp meetings: thousands singing, praying, and participating in emotional outpourings of faith.
Religious Camp MeetingSlide20
Protestant Revival Movement 1790 - 1840
Enrolled millions of new church members – many in new sectsMany reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.
Revival Meeting
1835Slide21
Charitable Societies
Presbyterian minister Lyman Beecher insisted that the nation’s citizenry, more than its government, was responsible for building a better society.
The focus was:
Spreading the word of God
Correcting social problems. Slide22
Progressive Religious Movements
Key on improving social issues of the timeTemperance (prohibition of alcohol)Abolishing slaveryGreedPovertyWomen’s rightsSlide23
New Religious Denominations
Church of ChristChristian Church (Disciples of Christ)Seventh-day Adventist ChurchEvangelical Christian Church of Canada
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Ellen White – one of the Seven Day Adventist FoundersSlide24
Restoration Movement
The idea of restoring a "primitive" form of Christianity Gave them a way to be “right” without the security of an established national churchContributed to the ideology of a number of religious sects:Mormons
Baptists
Shakers
Joseph Smith-
Founder of the Mormon ReligionSlide25
Demographics of the Second Great Awakening
Estimated at least three female converts to every two male converts between 1798 to 1826. Young people (those under 25) also converted in greater numbers, and were the first to convert.
“Teaching the Scriptures”Slide26
Baptist Churches in the South
Formed by slaves and freedmenWelcomed slaves as members and preachersThe revival inspired slaves to demand freedomState legislatures passed laws requiring Black churches to have a White man present at their meetingsSlide27
Slave Preacher Nat Turnerhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBH3Xzz3Y3E
Slide28
During the Second Great Awakening, church membership rose sharply.Slide29
Religious Persecution: Mormons
Mormonism began in the 1820’s. Persecuted for their beliefs in every area they moved: New York, Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois.
The church grew to 15,000 members
Prophet Joseph Smith was murdered by a mob in 1844
Mormons fled to the Utah territory. Slide30
Religious Persecution: Catholics
Catholics less welcome in the 13 coloniesThey comprised of less than 1% of the population.
1844 the Philadelphia Bible Riots erupted over public school text books that condemned Catholicism and taught the Protestant way of thinking.
Abraham Lincoln argued that Protestants and Catholics have equal rights under the Constitution.Slide31
Religious Persecutions: Jews
Anti-Semitism reached its peak during the Civil WarJews became the scapegoats for economic suffering and social unrest.Laws against having Jewish army chaplains (Lincoln reversed this)General Order No.11 expelled all Jews from General Grant’s military department (Lincoln reversed this) Slide32
Critical Analysis essay:
Answer the Essential Question:(minimum 5 sentences)
What changes and challenges occurred with religion and religion freedom during colonial times and around the time of the founding of the United States?