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CommunismandEconomicModernization MarkHarrison Wherecommunistpartiestookpowertheyadoptedcommoneconomicinstitutions Therewasstateownershipofthe145commandingheights146ofheavyindustryandtransport. Surelyyou’rejoking,MrKeynes? MarkHarrison* TheBritishgovernmenthasarguedthatitsrisingdebtistoolargeinproportionto GDP;fiscalconsolidationisrequiredtocontrolthedebt;taxeshavealreadybeen raised,and TheFrequencyofWars ‘Warmadethestateandstatesmadewar’(CharlesTilly). 1 Warsarebecomingmorefrequent.Moreprecisely,thefrequencyofbilateralmilitarized conflictsamongindependentstateshasbeenrisin SeekingPositiveAlphaAbstractInthispaper,weconsiderportfoliosthatareoptimizedbasedonthesamplemeanandcovariancematrixofpastreturns.Usingrealdatafromvarioussetsofriskyassets,wedemonstratethatsuchaportfol ReceivedJune12,2012.RevisedAugust21,2012.AcceptedAugust17,2012.TheAuthor(s)2012.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress.ThisisanOpenAccessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionNon-Com withminorassistancebyMartinMachler1 squarebins.Hexagonsarethemaximumnumberofsidesapolygoncanhaveforaregulartesselationoftheplane,sointermsofpackingahexagonis13%moreecientforcoveringtheplanethansqua FirstDraft:Preliminaryandincomplete.Pleasedonotciteorquote.IamindebtedtoDilipMookherjee,AndrewNewman,DanielePasermanandClaudiaOlivettifortheirconstantguidanceonthisproject.IwouldalsoliketothankKevinL ReceivedJuly2,2012.RevisedSeptember1,2012.AcceptedOctober1,2012.TheAuthor(2012).PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPressonbehalfoftheGuarantorsofBrain.Allrightsreserved.ForPermissions,pleaseemail:journals.per http://blog.twitter.com/2012/03/twitter-turns-six.html.AccessedSep-tember14,2012.ReceivedAugust2,2012;revisedSeptember10,2012,andSeptember14,2012;acceptedSeptember17,2012 DRAFT 1TeachforAll.(2012).\LocationsandPrograms."November2,2012.http://teachforall.org/network_locations.html.2TeachforAmerica.(2012).\FuelingLong-TermImpact."November2,2012.http://www.teachforamerica 1. PHYS 1444 – Section . 004. Lecture . #5. Wednesday. ,. Feb. 1, 2012. Dr. . Jae. hoon . Yu. Chapter 22 . Gauss’ Law. Gauss’ Law. Electric Flux. Gauss’ Law with many charges. What is Gauss’ Law good for?. 1. PHY 114 A General Physics II. 11 AM-12:15 . P. M TR Olin 101. Plan for Lecture 1:. Welcome . & overview. Class structure & announcements. Electrical . charges and forces. 1/18/2012. PHY 114 A Spring 2012 -- Lecture 1. July xx, 2012 SHRM Survey Findings: The Hiring of 2012 University/College Undergraduates and Postgraduates Key Findings 2 Have organizations hired any 2012 university/college undergraduates and/or 1. IP: Scientific . Evidence . in . Patent . Litigation. Week . 5. Open Seating. 02/09/2012. RJM - IP: Sci Ev in Pat Lit - Winter 2012. 2. Today’s Agenda. Catch-up . Read+preposition. ; . Your Week 4 . Paper Submissions Due: May 18, 2012Acceptance Notification: July 27, 2012CameraReady Papers Due: Aug 10, 2012Poster Abstracts Due: Aug 10, 2012Poster Decision Notification: Aug 24, 2012 General Chairs