Lesson 2a – Japanese Expansion in SE Asia (1931-1941) - PowerPoint Presentation

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Lesson 2a – Japanese Expansion in SE Asia (1931-1941)

Essential QuestionAssess the impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on Japan’s foreign policy in the 1930sLearning Outcomes - Students will:Review – how far have they come?Learn about internationalismLearn about the end of internationalismSuccess CriteriaI can divide my essential question to be able to answer an IB style question

Leave space for

3 lessons

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Review – Discuss the Difference

Pre-Meiji RestorationAfter Meiji RestorationMilitaryEconomyCulture

Empire

Relationship with the west

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VocabInternationalismWashington Treaty

Four Power TreatyKwantung Army

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Reading

Pg. 27~53Make sure you are adding toNotesEssential QuestionIB MathNotes only = max 5Textbook only = max 5Notes + Textbook = 6~73 Lessons

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Internationalism

1920s – Japan moves towards a policy of developing the economy by peaceful meansWhy is the West worried about Japan?Britain – Hong Kong, MalayUS – Philippines, HawaiiCreated a Pacific fleet and put their best ships here1921 – Washington Treatyagreed to a tonnage ratio of 5:5:3 1921 – Four Power Treaty (included France)Each power would respect the territory of the other1922 – Nine Power TreatyJapan would recognize Chinese territory and sovereignty

These treaties show that Japan was committed to peaceful co-existence with the west

What groups within Japan might oppose this Internationalism? Why?

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Opposition to Internationalism

Conservative and militant groups within Japan opposed this move towards peaceful coexistenceWhy?Economic – need for raw materials, which needed to be imported + the depressionForeign tariffs, such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff(1931 rose duties 200%) limited the amount that could be brought inRise of protectionism (40 countries placed tariffs on J) although exports rose (1934~37 – exports to Latin America rose 1200%1932 - Price of silk dropped 1/5 that of 1923Unemployment rose to 3 millionFood – only 20% of Japan is arable landPopulation Growth – rising population out stripped Japanese food production, resulting in the imports of food (1937 – 70 million)Attempted to push emigration to US, but racists attitudes and fears of cheap labour within US made this impossible

Weakening of the Military

– the Naval Treaties were viewed as a humiliation

The civilian gov’t had also reduced the army and naval budget, reducing the army to just 4 divisions

If you were a Conservative/Militant, how would you solve these problems?

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A Weak China

The militants solution was ChinaEconomic Problem – Manchuria was rich in resources and would provide a market to sell goodsAn empire would ensure a monopolyPopulation Growth – send Japanese there to work (Lebensraum)1931~45 – 500,000 emigrated to be farmers but couldn’t compete with the locals who worked for less. Most became bureaucrats, police, etc…Military – Army would be required to “help” maintain order against a traditionally divided ChinaIt earned this land by winning 2 warsPast victories showed that military intervention always worked for JapanProblem – Chinese NationalismUnder the Nationalist leader Chiang Kai Shek, China began to reject foreign influence in China, such as the Japanese in Manchuria

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End of Internationalism

Kwantung Army had been in Manchuria since 1905 to maintain orderMany extremist officers knew that the senior military staff wanted to expand its role in the area1928 – Kwantung officers decide to assassinate the Nationalist Warlord of Manchuria without the authority of the gov’tGov’t in Tokyo tried to punish the officers, however this was blocked by the senior army staff because they had the support of the new emperor1929 – gov’t resigned and from here on, foreign policy became hostage to extremist army officers

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IB Practice

Essential QuestionAssess the impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on Japan’s foreign policy in the 1930sDid we answer the entire question today?What separate questions are asked here?What was Japanese nationalism in the 1930s???????????????????Which of these questions can we answer today?Under your essential question, create an outline for this section

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Lesson 2b – Japanese Expansion in SE Asia (1931-1941)

Essential QuestionAssess the impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on Japan’s foreign policy in the 1930sLearning Outcomes - Students will:Review – Which had a greater impact?Learn about the rise of militarism in the gov’tDiscuss Japanese foreign policy goalsSuccess CriteriaI can divide my essential question to be able to answer an IB style question

Leave space for

3 lessons

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ReviewWhat domestic issues are influencing Japanese actions in China?

What do you think was more impactful:Economic Issues at homeMilitant actions

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VocabDietMukden Incident

ManchuriaManchukuoAnti-Comintern Pact

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Reading

Pg. 27~53Make sure you are adding toNotesEssential QuestionIB MathNotes only = max 5Textbook only = max 5Notes + Textbook = 6~73 Lessons

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Militarism replaces Democracy

After 1929, militants made life difficult for the Japanese Diet (Parliament)Moderates were labeled “un-Japanese” if they did not support military intervention and called for a return to traditional Japanese waysEx. New Hamaguchi gov’t tried to curb the power of the military but was assassinated in 1930 by extremists1931 – planned a coup but called back at the last momentBy 1931, militarists control the gov’tHow did nationalism and militarism impact Japanese democracy?

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Mukden Incident -1931

18 September 1931, a bomb, planted by the Kwantung, was exploded on the track of the Japanese-owned South Manchuria RailwayWithout Tokyo’s approval, the army blamed “Chinese terrorists” and seized the city of MukdenProclaiming a need to protect Japanese life and property, the Kwantung continued to take ManchuriaWhen Prime Minister Inukai tried to halt this aggression, he was assassinated in 1932 by naval officersSept 1932 – Japanese create a puppet state called Manchukuo Who is really in charge of Japan? Why didn’t anyone stop the Kwantung?

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Foreign Policy Goals1936 – Japan sets out it’s foreign policy goals

Russian pressure on Japan's empire from the north needed to be resisted; further territorial expansion to the south should be undertaken to seize for Japan the wealth and raw materials available in the South-East Asian colonies of Britain, France and Holland.the military conquest of the whole of China should be undertaken;Don’t copy this. We will look at each more specifically next

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1. Pressure on the USSR

1936 – Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany and Japan (Italy joins in 1937)Japan saw the USSR as the main threat to ManchukuoJapan sought allies that would support military intervention with the USSRPurpose – contain the spread of communismSecretly, used as a safeguard in case either were attackedHow did militarism impact foreign policy?

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2. Expand to SE Asia for resources

1937 – Japan withdraws from the Naval Treaties with Britain and the USBelieved it humiliating (5:5:3) and felt stronger with new alliesBegan to build battleships and aircraft carriersEx. Yamato and Musashi were twice the tonnage of the biggest US shipHow did militarism impact foreign policy?

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3. Expand in China

1937 – military exercises in China resulted in Japanese and Chinese soldiers opening fire on each other at the Marco Polo bridgeNo evidence shows it was premeditated but the Japanese took advantage of the situation and began a full scale war with China1937 – despite fierce resistance from both Nationalist and Communist forces, the Japanese take Peking, Shanghai and Nanking (Rape of Nanking)Originally, only 3 divisions in China, planning for a 3 month battle. But by 1938, there were 20 divisions in China

How did militarism impact foreign policy?

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IB Practice

Essential QuestionAssess the impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on Japan’s foreign policy in the 1930sDid we answer the entire question today?What separate questions are asked here?What was Japanese nationalism in the 1930s???????????????????Which of these questions can we answer today?Under your essential question, create an outline for this section

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Lesson 2c – Japanese Expansion in SE Asia (1931-1941)

Essential QuestionAssess the impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on Japan’s foreign policy in the 1930sLearning Outcomes - Students will:Preview - MessageDiscuss Japanese nationalism and motivationsSuccess CriteriaI can fill out a table describing the causes of Japanese actions

Leave space for

3 lessons

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PreviewWhat is the message of this source?

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VocabdokaE.P

. TsurumiKominkaGreater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere Pan-Asianism

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Reading

Pg. 27~53Make sure you are adding toNotesEssential QuestionIB MathNotes only = max 5Textbook only = max 5Notes + Textbook = 6~73 Lessons

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Causes of the Mukden Incident 1928-32

Causes of the Sino-Japanese War 1933-37Causes of Japan’s attack on Pearl HarborNationalismMilitarismPolitical situation in JapanEconomic situation in Japan

Situation in China

Actions of the West

Conclusions

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Colonial IdeologyJapan took on a policy of assimilation (

doka) with its colonies"Affinities of race and culture between Japan and her colonial peoples ... made possible the idea of a fusion of the two and suggested that ultimately Japanese colonial territories had no separate, autonomous identities of their own, but only a destiny that was entirely Japanese.” (E.P. Tsurumi)This had the emperor as the head of the Japanese race and the colonial peoples would be Japanized (kominka) through education, religion, etc…

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Greater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere

Based on the idea of Pan-AsianismThe enemy was white imperialism (Britain, France, US, etc…)Differed from Western imperialism, which had the goal of “civilizing” its people1941 – Great East Asian WarJapanese propaganda portrayed the war between “Free” Asians against “white” imperialism1942 – Colonial Ministry replaced with the Greater East Asia MinistryKorea is also brought under the Home MinistryContradictions however1942 Army General Staff memorandum which spoke of shujin minzoku (master peoples), yujin minzoku (friendly peoples) and kigu minzoku (guest peoples) to differentiate between the Japanese, East Asians and the rest.

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Japanese shift in Imperial Policy

1894 – Strategic and commercial expansion working within the World OrderEx. Treaty of Portsmouth gave 25-year lease on Port Arthur (year round port)Ex. Washignton Treaty and internationalism1930s – Greater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere Militant rise in Japan meant more autonomy for the militaryResources were drawn away from economic investment and put into the militaryEconomic Depression caused the need a search for resources and marketsEx. 1931 – 1.5 billion yen invested into ManchuriaEx. 1936 – 3.7 billion yen investedLess cooperation with the WestJapan would “guide” Asia against the West

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Pg. 56

Causes of the Mukden Incident 1928-32Causes of the Sino-Japanese War 1933-37Causes of Japan’s attack on Pearl HarborNationalismMilitarismPolitical situation in JapanEconomic situation in Japan

Situation in China

Actions of the West

Conclusions

Help guide Manchuria against white imperialism

Foreign policy goal was to continue the conquest of China

Assassination of PM

Inukai

showed the Army was in charge

Depression and

protectionist tariffs from the

West

created the need for steady markets for Japanese goods

Nationalists in Manchuria threatened Japan’s interests

Don’t do yet

Don’t do yet

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IB Practice

Essential QuestionAssess the impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on Japan’s foreign policy in the 1930sDid we answer the entire question today?What separate questions are asked here?What was Japanese nationalism in the 1930s???????????????????Which of these questions can we answer today?Under your essential question, create an outline for this section