20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Percent Silt Percent Clay Percent Sand Clay Sandy Clay Clay Loam Silty Clay Silty Clay Loam Loamy Sand Loam Sandy Clay Loam ID: 657553
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90
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Percent Silt
Percent Clay
Percent Sand
Clay
Sandy
Clay
Clay Loam
Silty Clay
Silty Clay
Loam
Loamy Sand
Loam
Sandy Clay Loam
Sandy Loam
Silty Loam
Silt
Sand
80
Figure 9.1
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide2
0
50
100
150
200
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Temperature (
C)
Depth (mm)
14:00
06:00
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
Hour Of Day
Temperature (
C)
5 mm
25 mm
50 mm
100 mm
400 mm
Figure 9.2
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide3
D
y
D
z
D
x
F
in
F
out
change in storage = flux in - flux out
5 mm
A
41
C
15 mm
B
37
C
Figure 9.3
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide4
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Temperature (
C)
Depth (mm)
Bare - day
Litter - day
Bare - night
Litter - night
Figure 9.4
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide5
T
f
-
T
T
f
+
T
T
f
c
f
cu
c
a
ca2T=c
f T+L+ cuT
Figure 9.5
Temperature (C)
Heat Capacity (J m-3
C-1)
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide6
Figure 9.6
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide7
Wilting Point
Field Capacity
Saturation
0.451
0.154
0.000
1.000
0.393
Soil Volume
Available Water
Gravitational Water
Unavailable Water
Solids
Figure 9.7
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Soil Water (Percent Saturation)
Suction (mm)
Suction (Pa)
Sand
Sandy loam
Loam
Clay loam
Clay
Figure 9.8
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
9
10
8
10
10
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
10
10
9
10
11
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide9
D
y
D
z
D
x
F
in
F
out
change in storage = flux in - flux out
50 mm
A
550 mm
B
=-478 mm
z=500 mm
=-843 mm
z=0 mm
Figure 9.9
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Soil Water (Percent Saturation)
Hydraulic Conductivity (mm hour
-1
)
Sand
Sandy loam
Loam
Clay loam
Clay
Figure 9.10
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
10
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
0
10
-1
10
1
10
2
10
3
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. BonanSlide11
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
Time (hours)
Soil Water (mm)
Sand
Sandy loam
Loam
Clay loam
Clay
Figure 9.11
Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan