Protocol Protocol ProtocolbeensupervisionbeenDheeraj willwellallesignallingallsignallingall supervisorDheerajopportunitsupportbeenbeenimposiibleespeciallyManojIITexperiencesupportingGodbeing trod ID: 163020
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Protocol DEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTERSCIENCE&ENGINEERINGINDIANINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYKANPURJanuary,1999 Protocol ProtocolbeensupervisionbeenDheeraj willwell.allesignallingallsignallingall supervisor,Dheerajopportunitsupportbeenbeenimposiible.especiallyManoj,IITexperience.supportingGodbeing troductionReportProtocolProtocolProtocolProtocolProtocolIndependenModeProtocolProtocolIndependenModeProtocolProtocolProtocolProtocoltroductionabout Protocolprocessing ModesypestopologyberberperberperberperperberperDependencetopology troductionmodesnodespossibilitbet[17].modesVideoconferencing,[32,36]bepoinultipoinultipoinultipoinpoinultipoinultipoinultipoinbebersbebest-eortbershipsubjectbeforebeberberber ScalableMulticast2 HostH1H2H3H4R1R2R3R4R6R7R8R9R11R RouterNetwork 1Network 2Network 3 Modesbeberbesupportsupportsupportmode,bothbespecied.permanenbersresponsibilit[27,bepermanenbership[15].berbersbetemporarybersbershipproposals [31].ypesaboutperbebersbelongingberbelongingabout N3N4 ypesberberbesupportprotocolsaboutlocal localbelongs.bershiplocalbershipProtocol[24,12]. all-hostsperiodicallyupdatescorrespondingberpolls,bershipcorrespondingaboutexpectsimportan[5].protocolvideoconferencing.supportbemoderatebebeyscopeprotocols.bebersbebersupportberpermethodprocessing[17]proposedmodesupportsbecausebecamesupportsupporteloped[20,35].experimen bersupportsupportingprotocols).[16].poinpoinprependsappearsboropenings,procedureappearsproposalsbeen[3,aspectspoinbeingprotocols.supportbothaboutassociatedaboutspeciesberespectprotocolsassociatedbeappearanceberbecomes ScalableMulticast6 R RouterUnicastR1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9Network 1Network 2Network 3 protocols.[20,14]supportpopularitberspeoplebecomingberberdependsbersbeenbeingproperlyprotocolspoinbeprotocolscolsTheyareNetworkstatemaintenancebyroutersRouterprocessing protocolmethodprotocolbersprotocolprotocols.protocols.protocolproposedprotocol.protocolprotocolsprotocolsupportcollaborativtoolsimportan[38,39].videoconferencingmodelberReportreportbeenprotocolsprotocol'sprotocolprotocol.protocol,protocols.report protocolsbeenproposed[19].protocolsbeypes,modeprotocolsmodeprotocols R1R2R3R4R5R8R9R10R RouterSourceNetwork 1Network 2Network 3 Figure2.1:Sourcebasedandsharedtrees8 purposeprotocolsbersbelongingprotocolsypemethodypesrootlocated[13],dependrootsupport,rootedrootprotocols.Protocolsupports[34,33,37]rootedtopologyperiodicreportsdependantopologybelongingbeginning,topologybelongingperformstopologybers.\roodedbers, ScalableMulticast10 S 4R 1R 2R 3R 4RSource sending dataDirectly Connected Subnetthe sourceN1N2N3N Network topologydependanbebeen[25].topologySupposebersdependanberassociatedbebershipbersperiod\roodingcorresponding ProtocolborProbebor'sReports,beprotocol[16].becausebelongingbersberberberprocesseddependberbeprocessbersberprocessberprocess 7 45berberperberbebebers bersbeberberprocesseddependberbe 7 45berperberspecic,berprocesseddependberberbe S1S2 S Source Subnet berperberperbespecic,berprocessedberberbersbothcorrespondingbothberperbersbelongingberberberberbeber ScalableMulticast13 S1S2 G Multicast Group berperper 12457S1G1ROUTER G Multicast group berperbelongingberberberberbeberberber(II)berbebeypesource;groupsource;groupbebeypeberNumberofIIsberberperperber berbeypebebebebeberNumberofIIsberjkberperbehaberprocesseddependuponrespectberNumberofIIsSikNumberofOIsjkmberbeingprocesseddependsuponberprocessedbebelocated,bers.beypes.bersprocessassociatedperiodic\roodingtopologybersberbearspecicbeprocessingberdependberaboutberbersberaboutpercensupportbershippercen ScalableMulticast15 R 1R 2R 3R 5R 6R 7R 8R 10R 9R 11R 12RSparse Group Dependenceprotocol,[30]protocol.supportsprotocolsreportedboringbebeberberprotocols,abouttopologyperiodicallyboringpossible\roodsupdatestopologyprotocolbelocalabout ScalableMulticast16 N1N2N3DRDRR1R2R3R4R5NGroup MembersDirectly Attached NetworkR6 topologycorrespondingbehalfrespectivbelocal\roodsbership-LSAbers,bersbersbers.[29]).localpositionpositionspeciednodetopologypositionspeciedpositionlocalbership-LSAs\roodedperiodicallytopologyprocessrepeated. ScalableMulticast17 A 1A 2A 3AreaBackbone RouterRouter inside an AreaABackbone specifyypehoosebebestbeDependinguponhoosesupportsbersbership-LSAkbonekbonekboneborderkboneresponsibilitkbonebersbelongingtopologykbone. kboneboborderborderkbone.kboneaboutbersbelongingProtocol[28].berbersupportsbersupported.doesmajorprotocol\roodingbership-LSAsperformedbershipbershipprotocoldoes\roodingbershiptopologyprocess.processingproductberperberberpoor[10,7,beprocessberappearsbershipreportsabouttemporarypermanen berassociatedcorrespondingrootedbersbelonginggoesbehalfperformsupportsberbersupportoccurperformbers FLUSH-TREE betopologyundergoesdoesmodesmodemode.modeslocalbers. mode IPCBTIPDATA CBT Core Based TreeIP Internet Protocol periodicallyperProtocolprotocolborderbeingpermanendependbers,aboutperberbeenperiod.bersberdependberbersperiodicdoesbehadoesposeprocessingbersappear ScalableMulticast21 to ALL_CBT_ROUTERS group berdependberbersprocessingprocessdependsberprotocolbersbelongingbers.be majorperiodicbetrootedbeprocessberprocessProtocolIndependenModeprotocolsupportsboth[21,18,23].rootbeingBootStrapsupportbootstrapbootstraplookingassociatedperiodicallyprocessberappearslooksassociatedprocessberperbelongingprocessspecicbeingperiod permanentopologyperformingupdatedtopologyupdated DRDRRPDR(1) Join requestJJJJ(2) Look Up The RP(4)(5) Forward(6) Encapsulate in RM(7)RMRMRM(8) Decapsulate the RM packet(9) DataDataDataJSourceRP Rendezvous Point aboutbeperiodicallygoesbetbeingspecic.protocolbor ProtocolprotocolBootstrap,beprotocolassociated[26].specicaboutsupport.berberperbebers,processingspecicimportanprotocolbersprocessingmajorprocessingperiodicperiodicassociatedmajorprotocol.protocol,roots ProtocolIndependenModeprotocolrespects[22]doesdependprotocoldependenprotocols,protocolcolSteinertreesaresharedtreeswiththepropertbe ProtocolProtocoldense-modeprotocolssparse-modeprotocolsprotocolsdependingbeingbeingprotocolsbeinggoodtoogoodbecomebottlenec DataRate Dense/SparseGroup Protocol Low Sparse CBT,PIM-SM(SharedTree) Low Dense DVMRP,MOSPF,PIM-DM High Dense DVMRP,MOSPF,PIM-DM topology\roodedbelonging\roodingdependprocess about\rooding,bers.bebeprotocolprotocolsupportsbothProtocolprotocolproposedProtocol).rootbeingdoesproceedsperiodicallydoes Protocoltroductionprotocol,topologybersbershipProtocol[24].rootbeingbershipbecomesberbershipreportreport.associated special ACKmessagetowardsthesourceoftheREQUESTmessage.IftheJOIN bers ScalableMulticast29 CRCRCRDRDRDRJoin(2) Create (*,G) entryGH1JOINREQUEST(4)JRJOIN ACK (5)JACRRouterPGGMulticast GroupIntermediateRouterNetworkNetworkNetwork aboutsource-specic special appears periodically (G1;S;S;S;S;S;S;::: bebetappearance SMSM being does special REQUESTmessagetravelsupstreamtowardsthesource.ItisnotnecessaryforthismessagetotravelallthewaytothesourceDR.Ifanintermediaterouterhasalreadyjoinedthesourceforthisparticulargroup,itterminatesthismessageandsendsanacknowledgementi.e.JOIN ACK beingperiodicallyberresponsedoesbershipreportscorresponding REQUESTmessageupstream.TheupstreamrouteronthereceiptofthisrequestacknowledgesitbysendingaLEAVE associatedgoes corresponding bersdoesreportspecicberappears REQUESTtowardsthesourcewhichisacknowledgedbyJOIN soon corresponding betperiodicallyresponseypes SOURCEMCASTIIFOIFIIF - Incoming Interface List Figure3.3:Entryfor(source,group)pair IIFOIFTIMER describedIIFbelongingbeupdated Protocolspecicbersbeingprotocols,protocol,protocolsdepend\roodingprotocolsprotocols,bersberssupportprotocolprotocol.processing processingbers.processingrooteddependrootedsupposebelonginglocatedprotocols,supposesupportsberootprotocolrootmode).protocols.protocolypeprotocolsrespectprocessingodasupportprotocolbers ScalableMulticast35 SUBNETSUBNETSUBNETDRDRDRIntermediate RouterDR Designated Router berberberbersypesrootedspecicbeboth.supportsberber).protocols,depend aboutprocessingmodeprotocols,\rooding,beingmodeprotocols,1.sparse-modeprotocols,dense-modeprotocols\rooding,berberberberpersparse-modeprotocolsberprocessingberberbersupportberber berberberberberberbothberberberberberberbelongingbersbothberprotocols.protocolsboth.Dependingbeloboundarybeloberbeingprocessedberberper both N = 1N = 112510111 bothprotocolsupportsprotocols.ber(bebelongsbers protocols,berproceedsrootedsupportsberbersupportedberberbeperberberbeingsupportedberprocessedberprocessedperberbersupportedperprotocol,berprocessedberber processedberberprocessedberprocessedberNumberofRPsNumberofgroups;Nberper10;per2;perKb=sec:ber Number of JoinsData (Kb/sec.)Number of Signal msgs4 = 30 bytes/sec.104 = 30 bytes/sec.75 bytes/sec. Figure4.3:Comparisonoftracconcentration protocolberappearberberperiodicallygroup-specicberberprotocolbersproceedsprotocols.processingberspecicappeardisappearperiodicallyberberberbeingtroducedberbeingprocessedcessed1,case2]specifyberbeingprocessedrespectivprotocolssupportingsupportSupposebersdisappearberprocessedberperber bersreappearberprocessedberperberer10]Now,considerrouterswhichdonotlieontrees.Intheseroutersthegroupisnotpresentonanyinterface.Numberprocessedberberer20]4.5.2CBTTherearetwophases,theinitialphasebeingocassionallyappearberprocessedperberberer6]Ifthegroupdisappearsberprocessedcessed2]Averagenumberberperer4]Duringtheintermediatephase,supposereappearsberprocessed berprocessedberperberer4]Numberprocessedberperer4]Duringswitch-overtosource-basedtrees,Numberprocessedbersupportedperberer20]Apartfromthis,thereiscostincurredduetoC-RP-Advmessages,BSRmessagesetc.4.5.3SCAMPConsideranintermediaterouteronsource-basedtree.Duringtheinitialphase,Averagenumberprocessedberperberberer24]Consideranintermediaterouteronthesharedtree.Numberprocessedberer5]Numberprocessedberberberprocessedberer5]Numberprocessedberberbeberspear berprocessedberdisappearingperbersupportedberer10]Onshared-tree,numberprocessedberer4]Initiallythenumberprocessedprocess protocolsprotocols,protocolsupportdescribedprotocolprotocolprotocols.protocol.protocolsprocessingprotocoldoesprotocols.protocolprotocols,protocolprotocols.protocolprotocolsupportprotocols.protocolprotocolsprotocols,berdependancebers processingprotocolabobers.elopedprotocolbeprotocoltopologyypedescribedprotocol.protocolsupportsprotocolbeprotocolsProtocol[11]. 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J.M.Pullen,M.Myjak,andC.Bouwens.LimitationsofInternetProtocolSuiteforDistributedSimulationintheLargeMulticastEnvironment.InternetDraft,InternetEngineeringTaskForce,draft-ietf-lsma-limitations-02.txt,Feb1998.WorkinProgress.[33]T.Pusateri.DVMRPVersion3.InternetDraft,InternetEngineeringTaskForce.WorkinProgress.[34]T.Pusateri.DistanceVectorMulticastRoutingProtocol.col.KevinSavetz,NeilRandall,andYvesLepage.MBONE:MulticastingTomorrow'sInternet.IDG,1996.Availablefromhttp://www.savetz.com/mbone/.one/.SteveSeidensticker,W.GarthSmith,andMichaelMyjak.ScenariosandAppropriateProtocolsforDistributedInteractiveSimulation.InternetDraft,InternetEngineeringTaskForce,draft-ietf-lsma-scenarios-01.txt,Mar1997.WorkinProgress.[37]AjitS.Thyagarajanbone.one.ThierryTurlettiandChristianHuitema.VideoconferencingconferencingMarkH.Willebeek-LeMairVideoconferencing