Jenna Guadagna and Yimy Rodrieguez DrDeNysschen Introduction to Dietetics Summer 2015 Nutritive vs Nonnutritive Sweetener Nutritive Sweetener Carbohydrate Energy Natural Processed Added ID: 681805
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Slide1
Nutritive and Nonnutritive Sweeteners
Jenna Guadagna and Yimy Rodrieguez
Dr.DeNysschen
Introduction to Dietetics
Summer 2015Slide2
Nutritive vs. Nonnutritive Sweetener
Nutritive Sweetener
Carbohydrate
Energy Natural, Processed, AddedPolyolsNonnutritive SweetenerMinimal or No Carbohydrate Content7 Generally Regarded as Safe in the United States Slide3
Added Sugars
Sugars and Syrups
14.6
% of adults energy in the U.S comes from added sugar Slide4
Nutritive Sweeteners
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Sugar
Sugar Caloric SweetenersAdded SugarsSlide5
Nutritive Sweeteners Recognized by the FDA
Glucose
Fructose
GalactoseSucroseLactoseMaltose Corn Based Agave Nectar
Brown Sugar
Confectioner’s Powdered Sugar
Raw Sugar
Sucrose
White Granulated Sugar
Corn Syrup
Corn Syrup Solids
High Fructose Corn Syrup
DextroseFruit NectarsHoney Invert SugarHoney
Malt Syrup Maple SyrupPancake SyrupSlide6
Other Nutritive Sweeteners
Cane Juice
Evaporated Corn Sweetener
Fruit Juice Concentrate Crystal Dextrose Glucose Liquid Fructose Sugar Cane Juice Fruit Nectar Slide7
High Fructose Corn Syrup
Produced from Corn Syrup
Enzymatic Processing to Increase Fructose
Mixed With Glucose Baked Goods – 42% Beverages – 55%Academy Evidence Analysis Library (EAL) Compared high fructose corn syrup with other nutritive sweeteners
Association with obesity and metabolic or adverse effects within the body
Fair amount of data
Effects are similar to other nutritive sugars Slide8
Polyols
Sugar alcohols
Sorbitol
MannitolXylitol Erthritol D-Tagatose Lacitol
Isomalt
Why
are they
used?
Absorbed slowly and incompletely
Sugar
free
foods
Academy Evidence Analysis Library (EAL)
Compared sugar alcohols with other nutritive sweetenersAssociation with obesity and metabolic or adverse effects within the body
Limited dataModerate intake is tolerated 10-15grams per day Slide9
Chronic Health Issues
Added Sugars + Solid Fats + Excess Intake = Chronic Health Issues
Inflammation
Pre-diabetesOverweight Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity
Cardiovascular DiseaseSlide10
Main Contributors of Added Sugars in Our Diet
#1
Soda
Energy DrinksSports Drinks#2Grain-Based Desserts#3Fruit Drinks
#4Dairy Desserts
#5
Candy Slide11
Consumption of Sucrose, Glucose, and Fructose
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NHANES
Economic Research Service ERSSlide12
Intake of Total Added Sugars by Different Population Groups
Lower Socioeconomic Status = Higher Intake of Added Sugars
Lower Income
Lower Level of Education Ethnic Minority Groups Teenagers years of age – 13 years of age 25% total energy
Boys- 31.2%Girls – 27.8%
Men > Women
African American and Mexican American
African American – 32.3%
Mexican American – 39%Slide13
Nutritive Sweeteners and Behavioral Issues Is there a negative influence between added sugars and the behavior or cognition in children with behavioral issues?
Evidence
with
refined sugars and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Outside research Behavioral issues are more connected with environmental factors outside of nutrition. Diets Removing additivesSlide14
Food Consumption Patterns of Added Sugars
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
DGA
16% Total PopulationNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)2005-200614.6% Total Population
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES
)
2007-2008Slide15
High Fructose Corn Syrup Change in Availability
Increased
1970-1999
Decreased2005Why?Slide16
Recommendations Institute of Medicine
American Heart Association
World Health Organization
Dietary Guidelines for Americans ChooseMyPlateMyFood-a-pedia Slide17
Non Nutritive Sweeteners
17Slide18
Why do we produce and consume Nonnutritive sweeteners?
Economical
Limits Caloric Intake
Beneficial for Diabetes patients, as it better monitors carbohydrate intake18Slide19
Approved by the FDA7 NNS
Saccharin
- use in diet sodas,
300 times sweeter than sucroseAcesulfame K- from baked goods to ice cream, 200 times sweeterAspartame - beverages, degrades during heating,
160-220 times sweeter
Luo Han guo extract-
tabletop sweetener, no ADI stablished,
150-300
sweeter
Neotame-
use in food processing,
7000-13000
sweeter
Stevia- common in cereals,
250 times sweeterSucralose (splenda)- heat stable, general purpose, 600 times sweeter
19Slide20
Nonnutritive Sweetener reviewed by organizations
Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010
American Diabetes Association
National Cancer Institute20Slide21
Academy Evidence Analysis Library (EAL) reviewed
In adults, does using foods or beverages with non nutritive sweetener in an energy-restricted or ad libitum diet affect energy balance (weight)?
Conclusion Statement:
Aspartame- Grade I=Good, good evidence that it does help with weight management Saccharin- Grade III= LimitedSucralose- Grade III= Limited21Slide22
EAL continued…
In adults, does using foods or beverages with nonnutritive sweeteners affect appetite or food intake?
Conclusion Statement:
Aspartame, Grade I=Good, there is good evidence that it doesn't affect itSaccharin, Grade III= LimitedSucralose, Grade III= Limited
22Slide23
EAL continued…
What is the evidence from human subjects research that nonnutritive sweeteners consumption is associated with adverse effects in the general population?
Conclusion Statement:
Aspartame, Grade I=Good, good evidence that it doesn't cause adverse effectsSaccharin, Grade III=LimitedSucralose, Grade III= Limited23Slide24
Outside Research
According to Mattes and Popkin
Nonnutritive sweeteners enhances palatability
Increases acceptability of sugar free foods to increase their intake over more energy dense versions. 24Slide25
Overall point
Dietitians should be familiar with the different types of nonnutritive sweeteners
Important in diabetes education
25Slide26
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Position of Nutritive and Nonnutritive Sweeteners
“It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that consumers can safely enjoy a range of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners when consumed within an eating plan that is guided by current federal nutrition recommendations, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes, as well as Individual health goals and personal preference. “Slide27
References
Briefel
R. Reducing Calories and Added Sugars by Improving Children's Beverage Choices. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2013-02-01;113:269-275. Chattopadhyay S, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. Artificial sweeteners – a review.
Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2014;51(4):611-621. doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0571-1.
Fitch, Cindy, and Kathryn S.
Keim
. "Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Use of Nutritive and Nonnutritive
Sweeteners.” Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 112.5 (2012): 739-58.
Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms
R
.
DMattes
- B. MPopkin - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
– 2008 Schab D.W., Trinh N.H.T. Do artificial food colors promote hyperactivity in children with hyperactive syndromes? A meta-analysis of double-blind placebo-controlled trials. J. Dev.
Behav
. Pediatr.2004;25:423–434.
doi
: 10.1097/00004703-200412000-00007.
Welsh
JA. Consumption of added sugars is decreasing in the United States1234. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2011-09-01;94:726-734.
Woo HD. Dietary patterns in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nutrients. 2014-04-01;6:1539-1553.
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